Cases - Homeschooling's Invisible Children

Case Narratives

Content note Please note that, while the data included in our findings and issues reports are current as of March 2024, the case narrative archive is under review. Some write-ups may contain incomplete information, especially when it comes to developments in criminal cases. Additionally, the narratives include descriptions of severe violence inflicted on children, including abuse and neglect, sexual violence, torture, and murder, as well as mentions of suicide and domestic violence. Photos of victims and perpetrators of violence are currently included in write-ups.

Case	Excerpt	Extended Abuse	Year	State	Fatality case	Number of fatalities	Withdrawn from school	Categories
Alysha Quate and 2 siblings	Alysha Rose Quate (b. 2007) reportedly choked to death after a beating by her father, Jason Scott Quate. Her mother, Elizabeth Odell-Quate, helped conceal Alysha’s body out of fear the Quates would lose custody of Alysha’s two sisters	1 - yes	2014	Illinois	TRUE	1	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment
Dominick Diehl	Dominick Diehl, age 13, was beaten to death by his adoptive parents, Michael and Karen Diehl. The Diehl children were homeschooled.	1 - yes	1986	Virginia	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Disabilities, Adoption
Aaron Norman	Aaron Norman, age 10, died of untreated juvenile diabetes after a beating intended to heal him. His parents, Bobbie and Judith Norman, who were members of a new religious movement known as the No-Name Fellowship or Champaign-Urbana Ministries,	1 - yes	1987	Washington	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect
Dayna Broussard and 53 children by Eldridge Broussard	Dayna Lorrae Broussard, age 8, was beaten to death by four adults—Willie K. Chambers, Brian J. Brinson, Constance Zipporah Jackson and Frederick Paul Doolittle—in the Ecclesia Athletic Association, a new religious movement run by Dayna’s father, Eldridge Broussard	1 - yes	1988	Oregon	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Eric Cottam	14 year old Eric Cottam died of starvation in January 1989. Eric’s parents, Jay and Leona Cottam, claimed that the Seventh-Day Adventist family of four had been fasting since the previous November, saving their money to be tithed.	1 - yes	1989	Pennsylvania	TRUE	1	TRUE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Stephen Hill and 1 Sibling	Stephen Hill was 13 years old but weighed only 55 pounds when he died—having gained only 1 pound and grown only 1 inch since he was removed from school to be homeschooled four years earlier at age 9.	1 - yes	1991	Texas	TRUE	1	TRUE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Adam Franklin	Adam Douglas Franklin, age 7, was abused and murdered by his stepfather, Alan Suliber. Adam’s mother, Elizabeth “Katie” Franklin, knew about the abuse. Adam was homeschooled. Franklin and Adam moved to Wyoming in March 1991 and Franklin soon	1 - yes	1992	Wyoming	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse
Valerie Smelser	At age 12, Valerie Smelser was beaten to death by her mother and her mother’s boyfriend. Her emaciated body was dumped in a ditch. Valerie’s mother claimed a religious exemption from public schooling and kept the girl home.	1 - yes	1995	Virginia	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Lucas Ciambrone	7 year old Lucas Ciambrone was forced to sleep in a bathroom with neither towels, toilet paper, or light bulbs. He was fed via a bucket, was thrown to the floor, kicked in the genitals, punched, and had	1 - yes	1995	Florida	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
Shane Alan Coffman and 5 Siblings	The body of eight-year-old Shane Alan Coffman was discovered in a freezer in a trailer home in February 1996. His five siblings, ages seven to twelve, were taken into protective custody. All of the children had been abused,	1 - yes	1995	Oklahoma	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Christina Corrigan	On November 19, 1996, Marlene Corrigan called 911 to report that she could not wake her 13 year old daughter, Christina. Investigators found the girl dead, covered in bedsores, and surrounded by filthy conditions. In response to her	1 - yes	1996	California	TRUE	1	TRUE	Medical Neglect
Budde Lee Clark	6 year old Budde Lee Clark was brutally beaten to death by his stepmother, Robin Gosnell. Gosnell lived in North Carolina and homeschooled the 6 year old and her 13 year old son, although she apparently did not	1 - yes	1997	North Carolina	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse
Peter Kema Jr. and 3 siblings	Peter J. Kema, Jr., age 6, often called Peter Boy, was abused and murdered by his parents, Peter Kema, Sr. and Jaylin Kema. Peter Boy was homeschooled. His older half-siblings, Chauntelle and Allan Acol, and younger sister Devalynn	1 - yes	1997	Hawaii	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Jesse and Deonna Briggs	Jesse Briggs, age 10, and his sister Deonna, age 7, were murdered by their parents, Thomas and Dawn Briggs, while on vacation in Oregon. The children were poisoned, then their bodies were returned to the family’s Washington home,	2 - unknown	1999	Washington	TRUE	2	FALSE	NA
Jared Joshua Emily and Hannah Wood	Raymond Wood shot and killed his pregnant wife, Tina, and four of his six children, Jared, Joshua, Emily, and Hannah, aged 10, 8, 7, and 5. Moriah and Katlin, aged 3 and 18 months, were wounded but survived.	2 - unknown	2000	Missouri	TRUE	4	FALSE	NA
Timothy Boss	In July 2000, 10 year old Timothy Boss was beaten to death by his adoptive parents, Donald Boss Jr. and Lisa Boss. He spent the night before his death bound to a chair in the family’s basement. Timothy	2 - unknown	2001	Iowa	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Disabilities, Adoption
Rainbow Lord and 2 siblings	Yahweh Lord (born c. 1983), Rainbow Lord (born c. 1985), and Angel Lord (born c. 1988) were abused by their father, John Lamont Davis (who also went by “Rajohn Lord”), their mother Carrie Lee Davis, and Faye Alice	1 - yes	1991	California	TRUE	1	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Viktor Alexander Matthey	Viktor Matthey was only 6 years old when he died of cardiac arrest due to hypothermia after adoptive parents Robert and Brenda Matthey locked him overnight in a damp unheated pump room. Viktor was also severely beaten by	1 - yes	2000	New Jersey	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Adoption
Korresha Crawford and 4 siblings	Korresha Crawford, age 11, was beaten to death by her 17-year-old sister Cylena, who also assaulted their 13-year-old brother Michael. Two other siblings, ages 11 and 9, were unharmed. The children’s father, Lawrence Crawford, was home at the	1 - yes	2001	South Carolina	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse
Amanda Bates	Amanda Bates, age 13, died from medical neglect. She had diabetic ketoacidosis, as well as an infection that had turned gangrenous in her genitals and buttocks. Amanda and her 12 siblings were homeschooled. Her parents, Colleen and Randy	1 - yes	2001	Colorado	TRUE	1	FALSE	Medical Neglect
Noah John Paul Luke and Mary Yates	Noah, 7, John, 5, Paul, 3, Luke, 2, and Mary, an infant, were drowned in the family’s bathtub by their mother, Andrea Yates, one after another. Yates believed that she had to kill her offspring as children lest	2 - unknown	2001	Texas	TRUE	1	FALSE	NA
Holly Kyla and Corrie Snyder	Wesley Snyder shot his wife, Ruth, and his three daughters, Holly, 12, Kyla, 10, and Corrie, 8, before turning his gun on himself. The family was found dead by Ruth’s mother, who lived in a mobile home 100	2 - unknown	2001	New Mexico	TRUE	3	FALSE	NA
Bradley Warren and 2 siblings	Bradley Warren, age 13, was shot to death by his 14-year-old brother, Brandon Keith Warren. Brandon also shot and killed their 19-year-old stepsister Marnie Rose Warren and then shot himself. Both Bradley and Brandon were homeschooled, and Marnie	1 - yes	2001	North Carolina	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse,
Raysate Knight	Raysate Chain Knight, age 6, was starved, imprisoned, and beaten to death by her stepfather, Raymond Jefferson, and her mother Connie Knight. Knight’s four other children, girls ages 16, 13, and 8 and a 4-year-old boy, were not	1 - yes	2001	Texas	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Laree Slack	12-year-old Laree Slack died from internal bleeding after being beaten with rubberized electrical cable by her parents, Larry and Constance Slack. Larry and Constance were devout Jehovah’s Witnesses who homeschooled their six children and followed interpretations of Biblical	1 - yes	2001	Illinois	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse
Louisa and Swen Swanson	Jeannette Swanson, a homeschooling mother, shot and killed her children Louisa, 10, and Swen, 14, in their sleep a week after she was briefly hospitalized for depression and chronic tiredness. Her remaining two sons, aged 20 and 16,	2 - unknown	2002	Montana	TRUE	2	FALSE	NA
Jessica Crank	Jessica Crank, age 15, died of bone cancer which her mother, Jacqueline Crank, and stepfather Ariel Ben Sherman left untreated. When she died, she had a tumor the size of a basketball. Jessica was homeschooled. Sherman, who had	1 - yes	2002	Tennessee	TRUE	1	FALSE	Medical Neglect
Christopher Forder	Kimberly Ann Forder called 911 after her 8 year old underweight adopted son, Christopher Forder, died on the bedroom floor of untreated pneumonia in circumstances that a local sheriff called “sheer torture.” The boy’s body was found to	1 - yes	2002	Washington	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Adoption
Brian Edgar and 2 Siblings	Brian Edgar, aged 9 years, died of asphyxiation after a sock was put in his mouth and he was covered from head to toe in duct tape as a punishment for stealing cookies. Doctors found that the boy	1 - yes	2002	Kansas	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Adoption
Joshua and Luke Laney	Joshua and Luke Laney were eight and six when their mother smashed in their skulls with rocks. Deanna Laney, 39, believed God had called her to stone her sons. Laney was described by neighbors as a loving and	2 - unknown	2003	Texas	TRUE	2	FALSE	Physical Abuse
Luis Frank Moreno	Luis [or Louis] Moreno, who went by Franky, was 5 years old when he was shot and killed by his father, Roland Ramirez Moreno. Moreno also killed his pregnant wife, Maria Burton Moreno, and himself. Franky was homeschooled. Newspapers	2 - unknown	2003	Texas	TRUE	1	FALSE	NA
Josef Smith	8-year-old Josef Smith was found dead when paramedics responded to a call from his home. Medical examiners concluded that the boy died of “acute and chronic” abuse. The boy’s parents, Joseph and Sonya Smith, were members of Remnant Fellowship	1 - yes	2003	Georgia	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
Molly Holt	10 year old Molly Holt died in a house fire while her parents and two siblings escaped. When firefighters found her charred body under debris, they found that she had been chained to her bed by her ankles.	1 - yes	2003	Arkansas	TRUE	1	TRUE	Medical Neglect, Imprisonment
Alex Pavlis	Irma and Dino Pavlis adopted two children from Russia, Alex, aged 6, and his biological sister, aged 5. Only six weeks after the adoption, the boy died in the hospital of injuries sustained from beatings he suffered at	1 - yes	2003	Illinois	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Adoption
Bryant and Alexis Morris	Bryant (age 10), Alexis (age 8), and Johnathan (age 4) Morris were murdered by their father, Edward Morris, who also killed their pregnant mother Renee Lynn Morris. The murders were premeditated—Morris arranged a family trip to the Tillamook	2 - unknown	2003	Oregon	TRUE	2	FALSE	NA
Anna Farmer	Anna Nicole Farmer, 12, was tortured, starved, and beaten to death by her stepfather, James Kevin Yost. Her mother, Bridget Nicole Farmer, knew about the abuse and did nothing. Anna was homeschooled and was for abuse—Bridget	1 - yes	2003	Texas	TRUE	1	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
16 Children of Marcus Wesson	Marcus Delon Wessen was convicted of 9 counts of first-degree murder and 14 sex crimes. He raped and molested his underage daughters, even fathering children with some of them. He homeschooled the children and taught them that he	1 - yes	2004	California	TRUE	4	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
Dennis Gene Merryman	Dennis Merryman was 8 years old when he died of starvation. He had been adopted from Russia some years earlier along with four brothers and sisters. His Maryland parents, Samuel and Donna Merryman, devout Christians who served as	1 - yes	2005	Maryland	TRUE	1	FALSE	Food Deprivation, Adoption
Ricky Holland	Lisa Holland struck her 7 year old adopted son Ricky in the head with a hammer and didn’t seek medical help while he slowly died. Lisa and her husband Tim dumped Ricky’s body in a swamp and said	1 - yes	2005	Michigan	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Sean Paddock and 6 Siblings	Sean Paddock died of suffocation after his adoptive mother, Lynn Paddock, bound him tightly in blankets to keep him from getting out of his bed. Sean’s siblings, five of whom were also adopted, testified that they were frequently	1 - yes	2006	North Carolina	TRUE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, , Adoption
Colt Clark	Colton Levi Clark, who went by “Colt”, was 9 years old when he went missing in April 2006. Officials believe he was murdered by his aunt and uncle, James “Rex” Clark and Rebecca Faith Clark. Colt and his	1 - yes	2006	Oklahoma	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse
Andrew Burd	Andrew Burd was 4 years old when he died of salt poisoning. Exactly what happened the day of his death and why he was overdosed on salt remain a question. In her trial, the prosecution argues that Andrew’s	2 - unknown	2006	Texas	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect
Raijon Daniels	8 year old Raijon Daniels was unresponsive in his bedroom when police and paramedics reached him, his body covered with chemical and rope burns, sores, and other injuries. The vomit around his mouth suggested that he may have	1 - yes	2006	California	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Chandler Grafner	Seven year old Chandler Grafner starved to death at the hands of his guardian, Jon Phillips. In a case described as “horrific,” Phillips locked Chandler in a dark linen closet where he died of starvation and dehydration, surrounded by	1 - yes	2007	Colorado	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Shane Graham and 10 Siblings	Shane Graham, age 11, disappeared in 1999 or 2000. He had autism, Down’s Syndrome, and sickle-cell anemia. His adoptive mother, Judith Leekin, is believed to have murdered him and buried him in the yard of one of her houses,	1 - yes	2000	Florida	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
Chrystal Ramirez and Sister	Chrystal Ramirez, 8 years old, died of abuse suffered at the hands of her adoptive parents, Rubin Stephen and Bettie Ramirez. She was beaten with a cane until her brain bled, and was also starved and severely malnourished.	1 - yes	2007	Texas	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Trenay Cheire Duchane and 1 sibling	Trenay Duchane, age 12, died after being punched to unconsciousness, beaten with an electrical cord and a broomstick, and scalded to death by her stepmother, Reiko Troupe, as punishment for not cleaning her room. Her 9-year-old sister Treshae	1 - yes	2007	Arizona	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect
Brittany and Tatianna Jacks Kiah and Aja Fogle	Brittany Jacks, 17, Tatianna Jacks, 11, N’Kiah Fogle, 6, and Aja Fogle, 5, were withdrawn from the Washington, D.C., public school system in March of 2007 to be homeschooled by their mother. In January of 2008, their bodies	1 - yes	2008	District of Columbia	TRUE	4	TRUE	Physical Abuse
Calista Springer	Calista Springer was sixteen when she died when a fire swept through her family’s Michigan house and she was unable to free herself from her collar. Removed from school to be homeschooled three years earlier after teachers had	1 - yes	2008	Michigan	TRUE	1	TRUE	Imprisonment, Adoption
Willie Robinson	8 year old Willie Robinson, who died of pneumonia due to Hodgkin’s lymphoma, would have survived if given proper cancer treatment. His parents, Monica Hussing and William Robinson Sr., had not provided Willie or their five other children,	1 - yes	2008	Ohio	TRUE	1	FALSE	Medical Neglect
Madeline Kara Neumann	Madeline Kara Neumann, 11, died of undiagnosed diabetes at the home of her parents, Leilani and Dave Neumann. She had been growing weak for several weeks prior to her death, but her parents—Pentecostal Christians who were associated with	1 - yes	2008	Wisconsin	TRUE	1	TRUE	Medical Neglect
Cheyenne Noell Wolf	Cheyenne Wolf, age 11, died from an untreated head injury. Her sisters, S.E. (age 16) and S.M., reported that Cheyenne was routinely beaten by their stepmother, Denise Wolf, and tied to a chair and bed. Cheyenne had spina	1 - yes	2008	Oklahoma	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Disabilities
Tyler Gene McMillan	Thirteen year old Tyler Gene McMillan died after spending two nights tied to a tree in oppressively hot summer weather in North Carolina. The boy was homeschooled by his parents, Brice Bryan McMillan, 41, and Sandra Elizabeth McMillan,	2 - unknown	2008	North Carolina	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
Neil Beagley	Neil Beagley died of an undiagnosed and untreated urinary tract blockage. His parents, Jeffrey and Marci Beagley, attended Oregon City’s Followers of Christ church and practiced faith healing. Neil was homeschooled after the third grade, associated mainly with family and	1 - yes	2008	Oregon	TRUE	1	TRUE	Medical Neglect
Minnet and Jasmine Bowman and Sister	Minnet (age 9) and Jasmine (age 7) Bowman were murdered in 2006 by their adoptive mother, Renee Bowman, their bodies stored in her basement freezer. The murders were discovered two years later when their then-7-year-old sister jumped out	1 - yes	2006	Maryland	TRUE	2	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
Samuel Hudson and 5 Siblings	Samuel Hudson was thirteen years old when he died at the hands of Cynthia Hudson, his adoptive mother. Adoptive father William Hudson was charged with tampering with the evidence. Samuel was beaten to death with a broom handle,	1 - yes	2008	Texas	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Adoption
Genesis Sims	Genesis Sims, age 7, died from blunt force trauma to the chest. She had been pulled from school to be homeschooled six weeks into the fall semester. Her father, Hanif Sims, had been physically abusing her since at	1 - yes	2008	Colorado	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect
Jaquan Porter	Jaquan Porter was 10 years old when he died from fatal head injuries after being slammed against a wall. His mother, Melissa Sekulski, did not seek immediate medical treatment for the boy. Sekulski had removed her obese son from	1 - yes	2008	New York	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect
Christian Choate	After abuse concerns were raised at his school, Christian Choate’s parents removed him from school and told neighbors that they were homeschooling him. He was kept inside a locked dog cage and was routinely kicked and beaten by	1 - yes	2009	Indiana	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
Nathaniel Michael Craver	Nathaniel Craver, who was adopted from Russia along with his twin sister, was hospitalized at age seven for physical injuries suffered at the hands of his parents, Michael J. Craver and Nanette L. Craver. Nathaniel died not long	1 - yes	2009	Pennsylvania	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Adoption
Jeanette Marie Maples	Jeannette Marie Maples was 16 when paramedics arrived at her home to find her dead. A Department of Human Services worker described the girl’s death as “horrific” and her mother, Angela Darlene McAnulty, and stepfather, Richard Anthony, were both	1 - yes	2009	Oregon	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Colin David Jones	Paramedics responding to a 911 call on Christmas Eve about an “unresponsive” child found that 6-year-old child had physical injuries that suggested foul play. The child was taken to the regional hospital and then airlifted elsewhere for care,	2 - unknown	2009	Georgia	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Adoption
Lydia and Zariah Schatz	Lydia Schatz, adopted from Liberia, was seven when she succumbed to liver failure after being whipped with plastic tubing for several straight hours, interspersed with prayer breaks by her parents. Her parents, Kevin and Elizabeth Schatz, said Lydia	1 - yes	2010	California	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, , Adoption
Zahra Baker	Zahra Baker, a ten year old cancer survivor and amputee living in North Carolina, was reported missing in October 2010. When allegations of child abuse had surfaced the previous year, her parents had withdrawn her from public school	1 - yes	2010	North Carolina	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse
Nubia and Victor Barahona	After abuse reports were lodged by teachers, Nubia and Victor Barahona, twins who had been adopted by Jorge and Carmen Barahona, were withdrawn from their Florida school by their parents, who told officials that they were going to	1 - yes	2011	Florida	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Adoption
9 children of Peter Lucas Moses Jr.	Nine children ages 8 and under were abused by their father, Peter Lucas Moses Jr., and his three wives Vania Rae Sisk (second from left), Lavada Quinzetta Harris (far right), and Larhonda Renee Smith (second from right). Four	1 - yes	2011	North Carolina	FALSE	0	FALSE	NA
Makayla Norman	Makayla Norman had cerebral palsy and was unable to walk, talk, or care for herself. Her mother homeschooled her and occasionally hired a nurse to help with her care. Makayla’s condition at the time of her death at	1 - yes	2011	Ohio	TRUE	1	TRUE	Food Deprivation
Marcus Holloway	10 year old Marcus Holloway died of severe malnutrition after his mother, Candice Holloway, and her boyfriend, Private Connell C. Williams, 32, fed him only water and rice cakes over the course of several months as a punishment	1 - yes	2011	Oklahoma	TRUE	1	FALSE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Hana Grace-Rose Williams	Hana Williams was adopted from Ethiopia in 2008; three years later, at 13 years old, she was dead at the hands of her parents. Hana was denied food by her adoptive parents as a punishment, leaving her too	1 - yes	2011	Washington	TRUE	1	FALSE	Food Deprivation, Adoption
Christina Glenn	Eight year old Christina Glenn died of severe food deprivation and medical neglect. At the end of her life, starvation left her bones as brittle as twigs. Christina ultimately died from lack of medical care after her femur	1 - yes	2011	New Jersey	TRUE	1	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Ame Deal	10 year old Ame Deal died of suffocation after being locked in a footlocker overnight as punishment for stealing a popsicle. Ame’s grandparents, with whom she lived, frequently locked her in the footlocker as a punishment and sometimes	1 - yes	2011	Arizona	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
Matthew Degner and 4 Siblings	After 14 year old Matthew Degner died, his mother dragged his dead body outside in hopes that officials would not look inside her home and see its squalid condition—or the 200 animals, riddled with disease, she kept there	1 - yes	2011	Illinois	TRUE	1	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Disabilities
Ramie and Timothy Grimmer	Rachelle Dianne Grimmer shot her two children, Ramie, aged 12, and Timothy, aged 10, in the head in a state welfare office to protest being denied food stamps. Grimmer had been on and off of government programs for	2 - unknown	2011	Texas	TRUE	2	FALSE	NA
Donovan McKee	11-year-old Donovan McKee was beaten to death by his mother’s boyfriend, Anthony Lee Bush, over a period of nine hours while his mother, Cynthia McKee, was at work. Bush began beating Donovan because the boy refused to vacuum the floor.	1 - yes	2012	Pennsylvania	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse
Khalil Wimes	Six year old Khalil Wimes was savagely beaten, tortured, and starved to death by his parents, Tina Cuffie and Floyd Wimes. The child slept on a soiled mattress in a room devoid of toys, and in the end	1 - yes	2012	Pennsylvania	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Markea Berry	16-year-old Markea Berry, who was mentally disabled, weighed only 40 pounds when she was found dead in her mother’s home. Relatives reported that Markea’s mother, Ebony Berry, was abusive toward her when the family had lived in Michigan.	1 - yes	2012	Georgia	TRUE	1	FALSE	Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Mallory Anne Evans	Mallory Evans, age 15, was shot to death by her brother, Jacob Evans. Jake also shot and killed their mother, Jami Evans. Mallory had been homeschooled since January 2010, and Jake had been homeschooled since January 2012. Jake	2 - unknown	2012	Texas	TRUE	1	TRUE	NA
Miranda Crockett	10-year-old Miranda Crocket was tied up when she drowned in an ice cold bathtub, the culmination of months of abuse at the hands of her father’s girlfriend. Miranda lived alone with her father, Dan Crockett, until her father’s	1 - yes	2012	Oregon	TRUE	1	TRUE	Imprisonment
Dashawn Harris	Five year old Dashawn Harris was beaten to death by his mother, Lashay Patterson, 23, and her boyfriend, Christian Patrick, 25. Patrick became angry with the boy during a homeschooling session and beat the boy with a belt and	1 - yes	2012	Pennsylvania	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse
Brandon Clutter	Homeschooling mother Jaime Clutter was suffering from postpartum depression when she took her two children, Brandon, 10, and Katelyn, 6 months, outside on foot one morning in March, underdressed for the cold weather. All three were found drowned in	2 - unknown	2013	Indiana	TRUE	1	FALSE	NA
Justin Carlos and 6 siblings	Justin Gerard Carlos, age 14, was starved and medically neglected by his parents, Mark S. Carlos and Julie L. Carlos. Justin died of pneumonia and sepsis complicated by malnutrition; when he died he was emaciated, covered with bedsores,	1 - yes	2013	Connecticut	TRUE	1	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Shelby and Shasta Miller	In early April, Shane Miller pulled his two daughters, Shelby, 8, and Shasta, 4, out of school to homeschool them. A month later he murdered both girls along with their mother, Sandy. Date: May 6, 2013 Location: Shingletown,	2 - unknown	2013	California	TRUE	1	TRUE	NA
Erica Lynn Parsons	Erica Lynn Parsons was reported missing in August 2013, when her 19 year old step-brother went to the authorities to say he had not seen her since late 2011. Erica’s adoptive parents, Casey and Sandy Parsons, claimed that	1 - yes	2011	North Carolina	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Disabilities, Adoption
Jaelen Edge	13-year-old Jaelen Edge and his sister, 9-year-old Faith Edge, were found dead in a Santa Ana, California, hotel room the day before their mother, Marilyn Edge, was to turn over custody of the two children to their father,	2 - unknown	2013	Georgia	TRUE	1	FALSE	Disabilities, Abduction
Emani Moss	Police found 10-year-old Emani Moss’s burned body in a trash can several days after she was starved to death at the hands of her father and stepmother, Eman and Tiffany Moss. After a tip from a school employee,	1 - yes	2013	Georgia	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Aidan Edward Bossingham and 2 siblings	Aidan Edward Bossingham, age 13, was starved to death by his mother, Jessica Lee Jensen. He weighed 21 pounds when he died. Though Aidan was diagnosed with a human growth hormone deficiency, Jensen refused to give him medication	1 - yes	2014	North Dakota	TRUE	1	TRUE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Tyler Raines	11-year-old Tyler Raines was found dead in his home, covered with bruises and malnourished. Prosecutors say he was tortured to death, and have charged Tommy and Amanda Raines, the boy’s father and stepmother, with capital murder and felenous	1 - yes	2014	Mississippi	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Raashanai Coley	Raashanai Coley, age 11 (left), was starved and beaten to death by her mother, Nicholette Lawrence (right). Her stepfather Robert Lawrence, who lived in the home, has not been charged. Raashanai was homeschooled and, according to some reports,	1 - yes	2014	Illinois	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Thomas Elberling	Thomas Elberling, age 11, was shot to death by his father, Jens Elberling, who then committed suicide. Thomas had been homeschooled for the past two years. Thomas was recognized internationally as a chess champion and was ranked fifth	2 - unknown	2014	New Jersey	TRUE	1	FALSE	NA
David Martinez	David Alfonso ‘Davie’ Martinez, age 8, died of malnutrition and medical neglect. A criminal investigation is ongoing. Davie was homeschooled. Davie lived with his mother, Rachell Martinez, and his stepfather Steven Zahara. Davie had four siblings. He died	1 - yes	2014	Massachusetts	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Benson Emery and Zion Strack	Benson (age 14, left), Emery (age 12, center), and Zion Strack (age 11, right) were victims of a committed by their parents, Benjamin and Kristi Strack. The children were homeschooled. The Stracks suffered from mental illness—one of	2 - unknown	2014	Utah	TRUE	3	FALSE	NA
Janiya Thomas	Janiya Thomas, age 10, was imprisoned, starved, tortured, and murdered by her mother, Keishanna Thomas, in January or February 2015. Janiya last attended school in May 2013; Thomas subsequently pulled her out of school to homeschool her. When	1 - yes	2015	Florida	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Stoni Blair and Stephen Berry	Stoni Ann Blair (b. 2000) and Stephen Gage Berry (b. 2004) were murdered by their mother, Mitchelle Blair. The children, along with their older sister (b. 1998) and younger brother (b. 2007), were homeschooled. Both of the surviving	1 - yes	2013	Michigan	TRUE	2	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Isaiah Torres	Maurice Isaiah Torres, age 6, who went by Isaiah, was beaten and raped to death by his parents, Mauricio Alejandro Torres and Cathy Lynn Torres. Isaiah, his twin sister, and their 8-year-old sister were homeschooled. Isaiah had been	1 - yes	2015	Arkansas	TRUE	1	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect
Seth Johnson and 6 siblings	Seth Johnson, age 7, died of acute pancreatitis and possible sepsis because his parents, Timothy David Johnson and Sarah Nicole Johnson, did not take him to a doctor. Seth’s six siblings, including a 16-year-old brother, were not reported	2 - unknown	2015	Minnesota	TRUE	1	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Disabilities, Adoption
Jack Garcia	Jack Kirby Garcia, age 9, was beaten to death by his uncle, Jacob Andrew Barajas, and his mother’s boyfriend, Robert Leroy Wilson. Jack’s mother, Oriana Iris Garcia, knew about and sanctioned the beating. After the beating, she delayed	1 - yes	2015	Maryland	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment
7 Children of David and April Bever	Daniel (age 12), Christopher (7), and Victoria Bever (5) were stabbed to death, allegedly by their older brothers, Robert (age 18) and Michael Bever (age 16). The children’s parents, David and April Bever, were also killed, and their	2 - unknown	2015	Oklahoma	TRUE	3	FALSE	NA
Jacob Davidoff	Jacob Davidoff, age 17, was shot to death by his mother, Dianne Michelle Davidoff. Jacob had health problems which prevented him from attending school, so he was homeschooled. Davidoff had a history of mental illness and serious financial	2 - unknown	2015	Oregon	TRUE	1	FALSE	Disabilities
2 Children of Bruce and Deborah Leonard	Top row: Tiffanie Irwin, Traci Irwin, Joseph Irwin, Daniel Irwin Middle row: Bruce Leonard, Deborah Leonard, Sarah Ferguson Bottom row: Linda Morey, David Morey Lucas Leonard, age 19, was beaten to death by a gang that included his	2 - unknown	2015	New York	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
Adrian Jones and 7 siblings	Authorities believe Adrian Jones, age 7, was murdered by his father, Michael A. Jones, and his stepmother Heather Jones. Heather Jones homeschooled Adrian and his 7 sisters (ages 11 to 1). Adrian and two girls were Michael’s children	1 - yes	2015	Kansas	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Simonne Say	Simonne Say, age 17, died as part of a suicide pact with her mother, Elizabeth Genthner (pictured). Simonne, who went by Sammi, was homeschooled. Genthner “had a history of mental illness, drug-related arrests, and alcohol abuse.” Simonne was	1 - yes	2015	Florida	TRUE	1	TRUE	NA
Shaun Tara and 5 siblings	Shaun Tara, age 6, and his 3-year-old sister Delylah Tara, were murdered by their relative, Tami Joy Huntsman, and 17-year-old Gonzalo Curiel (a statutorily nonconsenting minor who lived with her). Huntsman and Curiel also tortured Shaun’s 9-year-old sister	1 - yes	2015	California	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Adoption
Shaelynn Lehano-Stone	Shaelynn A. Lehano-Stone, age 9, was starved to death by her parents, Kevin Lehano and Tiffany Stone, and her grandmother Henrietta Stone. Shaelynn was homeschooled. Shaelynn and her brother were removed from their parents’ custody in 2007 after	1 - yes	2016	Hawaii	TRUE	1	TRUE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Kyle and Emily Gerhart	Kyle Gerhart, age 17, and Emily Gerhart, age 12, were shot to death by their mother, Lisa Gerhart, as part of a . The children had been homeschooled for at least eight years and were active in their	2 - unknown	2016	Arizona	TRUE	2	FALSE	NA
Natalie Finn and 4 siblings	Natalie Jasmine Finn, age 16, was imprisoned, tortured, and starved to death by her parents, Nicole Marie Finn and Joseph Michael Finn II. Natalie’s 15-year-old brother and 14-year-old sister were also starved, imprisoned, and tortured. An older brother,	1 - yes	2016	Iowa	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
Joseph Bishop	Joseph “Joey” Bishop, age 18, died of Duchenne muscular dystrophy as a result of medical neglect by his mother, Jamie Bishop, and his grandparents Raymond and Sharon Martin. He died of sepsis due to infected bedsores in February, 2017.	1 - yes	2017	Kentucky	TRUE	1	TRUE	Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Disabilities
Sanaa Cunningham	Sanaa Cunningham (pictured right with her siblings), age 7, died as a result of abuse and neglect by her father, Germayne Cunningham, and her stepmother Lisa Cunningham. Sanaa was homeschooled. Sanaa’s biological parents, Germayne Cunningham and Sylvia Norwood,	1 - yes	2017	Arizona	TRUE	1	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Matthew Tirado	Matthew Tirado, age 17, was starved to death by his mother, Katiria Tirado. Matthew’s 9-year-old sister was also physically abused. Both children were homeschooled. Matthew was born in 1999 when Tirado was just 16; Matthew’s father, Pedro Gomez,	1 - yes	2017	Connecticut	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Jeffrey Franklin	Jeffrey Franklin, age 16, who went by ‘JR’, is believed to have been murdered by his adoptive parents, Ernest Franklin II and Heather Franklin. Chenango County District Attorney Joseph McBride confirmed by phone that JR was homeschooled. Ernest	2 - unknown	2017	New York	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Disabilities, Adoption
Sabrina Ray and 4 siblings	Sabrina Ray, age 16, is believed to have died due to abuse by her adoptive parents, Marc and Misty Ray. Sabrina and her four siblings were homeschooled. The Rays ran a state-licensed daycare which had been under investigation	1 - yes	2017	Iowa	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
Savannah Leckie	Savannah Leckie, age 16, was tortured and murdered by her mother, Rebecca Ruud. Ruud’s partner, Robert E. Peat Jr., has not been charged in conjunction with her murder. Savannah was homeschooled. Savannah was given up for adoption at	1 - yes	2017	Missouri	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Disabilities, Adoption
Liam Roberts	Liam Michael Roberts (pictured), age 6, was starved to death by his father, Michael Roberts, and his stepmother Georgena Roberts. Liam’s 7-year-old brother A.P.R. was also starved. Their two siblings and two half-siblings were not reported to be	1 - yes	2017	Illinois	TRUE	1	TRUE	Food Deprivation
Amina Krouser	Amina Krouser, age 14 (pictured left), died of Lenierre’s Syndrome as a result of medical neglect by her mother, Aziyza Ababneh (pictured right). Amina and her siblings, ages 16 and 12, were homeschooled. Ababneh, a US Army veteran,	1 - yes	2017	Wisconsin	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect
6 Children of Jennifer and Sarah Hart	Six children–Markis, 19; Hannah, 16; Devonte, 15; Jeremiah, 14; Abigail, 14; and Ciera, 12–were starved and abused by their adoptive parents, Jennifer and Sarah Hart. The children were homeschooled. According to some reports, Devonte had disabilities. Siblings Markis,	1 - yes	2018	Washington	TRUE	5	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
Sophia Brito and 1 sibling	Sophia Brito, age 6 (pictured right; also spelled Sofia), was beaten by her parents, Shana Pedroso (pictured left) and Marvin Brito, resulting in her death. Sophia and her 9-year-old brother J.B. were homeschooled. Brito had a history of	1 - yes	2018	Massachusetts	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect
Omera Anna Akinloba	Omera Anna Akinloba, age 7, was starved to death by her parents, Aremo and Anna Akinloba. Omera was homeschooled. When Omera was around 2 years old, the Akinlobas noted that her behavior changed. They self-diagnosed her with autism,	1 - yes	2018	Florida	TRUE	1	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Vincent Nicolai	Vincent Salem Nicolai, age 7, was killed by his mother, Stephanie Adams, in a . Vincent was homeschooled. Adams and her husband, Dr. Charles Nicolai, married in 2009 and filed at least ten domestic incident reports over the	2 - unknown	2018	New York	TRUE	1	TRUE	NA
Caden McWilliams	Caden McWilliams, age 7, died as a result of abuse by his mother, Elisha Pankey. Pankey claimed to be homeschooling Caden in order to cover up his death. Caden’s sibling, who lived in the home, was not reported	2 - unknown	2018	Colorado	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse
Abdul-Ghani Wahhaj and 11 relatives	Abdul-Ghani Wahhaj (pictured), age 3, died as a result of medical neglect by five of his family members. Their compound also housed 11 related children, ages 1 to 15, who were malnourished and neglected. The children were homeschooled.	1 - yes	2017	New Mexico	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Abduction
Mason Jordan	Mason Jordan, age 7, was murdered by his mother, Tashina Jordan. Mason was homeschooled. Mason had multiple disabilities, including cerebral palsy and hydrocephalus. He used a wheelchair and a feeding tube and was partially blind and nonverbal. Mason	2 - unknown	2018	Oregon	TRUE	1	TRUE	Disabilities
4 Children of Cynthia Collier	Four children—Kaileigh Lin Collier (age 17), Lia Lin Collier (age 15), Meigan Lin Collier (age 14), and Bo Li Collier (age 14) were killed by their adoptive mother, Cynthia Collier, in a . The children were homeschooled. Cynthia	2 - unknown	2018	Tennessee	TRUE	4	FALSE	Adoption
Elwyn and Mary Crocker	The bodies of Elwyn Crocker, Jr., b. 2002, and Mary Crocker, b. 2004, were discovered in December 2018. The children’s father, Elwyn Crocker, Sr., his wife Candice Crocker, Candice Crocker’s mother Kim Wright, and Wright’s boyfriend Roy Anthony	1 - yes	2018	Georgia	TRUE	2	TRUE	Physical Abuse
Raylee Browning	Raylee JoLynn Browning, age 8, was murdered by her father, Marty Browning, Browning’s partner Julie Dawn Titchenell, and Julie’s sister Sherie Titchenell. The family also lived with Julie Titchenell’s three children, including a girl, V. Raylee and V.	1 - yes	2018	West Virginia	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Damon Decree Jr.	Damon Decree, Jr. (pictured), age 13, was murdered by his mother, Shana Decree, and his older sister, Dominique Decree. Damon was homeschooled at the time of his death. Damon lived with his mother; older siblings Naa’Irah Smith (age	2 - unknown	2019	Pennsylvania	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse
Trinity Love Jones	Trinity Love Jones, age 9, was murdered by her mother, Taquesta Graham, and Graham’s boyfriend Emiel Hunt. Trinity was homeschooled. Graham experienced child abuse or neglect and was performing sex work around age 18. Graham “pleaded no contest	1 - yes	2019	California	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Sarah Dubois-Gilbeau	Sarah Dubois-Gilbeau, age 5, was beaten to death by her father, Brandon Reynolds. Sarah was homeschooled. Sarah liked fishing at Tingley Beach and once won a fishing contest. Her favorite colors were pink, purple, and blue. Reynolds had	2 - unknown	2019	New Mexico	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect
Eduardo Posso	Eduardo Posso (pictured), age 12, was starved to death by his father, Luis Posso, Jr., and his stepmother Dayana Medina Flores. Eduardo’s 9-year-old sister and his brothers aged 5 and 2 were not reported to be abused. Eduardo	1 - yes	2019	Florida	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Skylea Carmack	Skylea Rayn Carmack, age 10, was murdered by her stepmother, Amanda Carmack. Skylea was homeschooled. Skylea lived with her father Kevin Carmack, her stepmother Amanda Carmack, three of Amanda’s children, and three children of Amanda’s brother. Kevin Carmack	1 - yes	2019	Indiana	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Tylee Ryan and Joshua Vallow	Two children—Tylee Ryan, age 17; and Joshua “J.J.” Vallow, age 7—died under suspicious circumstances while under the care of their mother, Lori Vallow. The children were homeschooled. Tylee was born around 2002. Lori later married Charles Vallow, and	2 - unknown	2019	Idaho	TRUE	2	TRUE	Disabilities, Adoption
4 Children by Ryan and Sheila O'Leary	Four children—M., an 11-year-old girl; J., age 5; C., age 3; and K., an 18-month-old boy—were starved by their parents, Ryan Patrick O’Leary and Sheila O’Leary. K. died from complications of malnutrition. The children were homeschooled. M. was	1 - yes	2019	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Antonio Juan Gonzalez Jr.	Antonio Juan Gonzalez Jr., age 14, was murdered by his father, Antonio Gonzalez, and Gonzalez’s roommate, Paul Bacorn. Antonio was homeschooled. Antonio’s 4-year-old sister was not reported to be abused. In September 2019, the family moved from Allegheny	1 - yes	2019	Pennsylvania	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Alek Tyler and Zoe Todt	Aleksander “Alek” J. Todt (age 13), Tyler J. Todt (age 11), and Zoe Todt (age 4) were murdered by their father, Anthony Todt. Todt also killed his wife, Megan Todt, and the family dog Breezy. The children were	2 - unknown	2019	Florida	TRUE	2	FALSE	NA
Takoda Collins	Takoda Collins, age 10, was tortured, raped, and murdered by his father, Al-Mutahan McLean. Takoda was homeschooled. McLean’s girlfriend, Amanda Hinze, and her sister Jennifer Ebert, who both lived in the home, knew about the abuse but did	1 - yes	2019	Ohio	TRUE	1	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Brandon Gray and 9 relatives	Brandon Gray, age 14, was starved to death by his mother, Terra Wells, and several other family members. Brandon’s 12-year-old sister K. was also starved and physically abused. The other eight children in the home were not reported	1 - yes	2020	Tennessee	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Roman Lopez and 7 siblings	Roman Lopez, age 11, was murdered by his father, Jordan Piper, and his stepmother Lindsay Piper. Roman and his siblings were homeschooled.	1 - yes	2020	Michigan	TRUE	1	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
James Alex Hurley	James Alex Hurley, age 12, who went by Alex, was tortured and murdered by his grandparents, James Sasser, Jr. and Patricia Batts, and their 14-year-old son, J.S. A family friend, Gage Roush, was also charged in connection with	1 - yes	2020	Montana	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Children of Michael and Shirley Gray	Two children–Heather “Sophie” Gray (b. 2006) and Jonathan Gray–died in the custody of their adoptive parents, Michael and Shirley Gray. Three other adopted children–M., a boy born in 2005; L., a girl born c. 2007; and T., a	1 - yes	2017	Tennessee	TRUE	2	FALSE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Kaya Centeno and 4 siblings	Kaya Centeno (b. 2002) disappeared while being homeschooled. Her sister S. (b. 2003) and brother B. (b. 2005) were physically, emotionally, and sexually abused by the children’s adoptive parents, Gina and Jose Centeno. It is unknown if the	1 - yes	2011	California	TRUE	1	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Adoption
Josie Ann Abney	Josie Ann Abney, age 10, was starved to death by her parents, Randall and Susan Abney. Josie was homeschooled. Josie was born in 2010 and adopted by the Abneys in 2013. She was the first of “12 or	1 - yes	2020	Missouri	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Olivia Huggler and 2 siblings	Olivia Huggler, age 18, was murdered by her brother's friend Daniel Alvey. Alvey, Olivia, and her siblings were homeschooled.	2 - unknown	2021	Indiana	TRUE	1	FALSE	NA
Chaskah Davis Smith and 1 sibling	Chaskah Davis Smith, age 11, was murdered by his grandmother, Stephanie Marie Davis. Chaskah (b. 2011) and his half brother L. (b. 2013) were starved and physically abused by Davis for several years prior to Chaskah’s death. Davis’s	1 - yes	2022	Arizona	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Teresa Nora and Finn Milligan	Teresa (13), Nora (11), and Finn (8) Milligan were shot to death by their father, Marc Milligan. The children were homeschooled.	2 - unknown	2022	Maryland	TRUE	3	FALSE	NA
6 Children of Brian and Brittney Nelson	Six children died in a plot conceived by their parents, Brian and Brittney Nelson. The children were homeschooled.	2 - unknown	2022	Oklahoma	TRUE	4	FALSE	NA
Adam Herrman	Doug and Valerie Herrman are accused of abusing their adopted son, Adam, and of not reporting he was missing after his 1999 disappearance at age 11 or 12. The couple continued to collected adoption subsidy payments until what	1 - yes	1998	Kansas	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Austin and Edward Bryant	In 2000, Edward and Linda Bryant adopted two foster children, Austin and Edward Bryant. Both children were classified as special needs and the Bryants received government subsidies for their care. Over the years, the Bryants took additional foster	1 - yes	2003	Colorado	TRUE	2	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
Joseph Beebe	8 year old Joseph Beebe was beaten to death with a bamboo rod by his adoptive mother, Edith Beebe. Joseph was one of six disabled children adopted by Edith and her husband Brian; all were homeschooled. The Beebes	1 - yes	2000	Texas	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
LoReyna Barea	LoReyna died of physical abuse and lack of medical care. Investigators responding to the scene found her covered in cuts and bruises, her body severely dehydrated and underweight to the point of being emaciated. LoReyna’s legal guardians, her aunt and uncle,	1 - yes	2007	Colorado	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Conrad and Ricky Morales	On December 25, 2005, Raul and Cathy Sarinana stomped, kicked, and tortured their 11-year-old nephew, Ricky Morales, resulting in his death. Police found the body of Ricky’s 13-year-old brother, Conrad Morales, encased in concrete in a trashcan outside	1 - yes	2005	California	TRUE	2	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse
Hannah Noah Mollie and Josiah Carroll	On September 21, 1992, six year old Hannah Carroll died of severe bleach burns, which covered one third of her body and were left untreated for three days. Hannah, who had Down syndrome, was one of ten special	1 - yes	1992	Ohio	TRUE	2	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Disabilities, Adoption
Michaela Watkins	Michaela Watkins, aged 10, was found dead in her family’s apartment on March 11, 2007. Her body was severely bruised and burned. Michaela’s father, Patrick Watkins, and her stepmother, Joy Watkins, claimed that Michaela’s death was an accident—that	1 - yes	2007	Kentucky	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Teddy Foltz-Tedesco and 2 siblings	Teddy Foltz-Tedesco, 14, was beaten unconscious by his mother’s boyfriend, Zaryl G. Bush. Bush then threatened Teddy’s younger twin brothers, 8, into helping him cover up the scene of the crime. Teddy was not taken to the hospital	1 - yes	2013	Ohio	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse
Alexander Perkins and 1 Sibling	Alexander Perkins was 5 years old when he died of encopresis, a bowel disorder that develops as a result of children’s refusal to go to the bathroom. His parents, Leon Chad and Krista Perkins, failed to follow the prescribed	1 - yes	2010	Colorado	TRUE	1	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Milton Baker III	7-year-old Milton Baker III was beaten to death by his mother’s live-in boyfriend, Fred Johnson. Johnson beat Milton regularly over the last year of his life, and his maltreatment of the boy began three years before his death.	1 - yes	2006	Ohio	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse
Kylie Lavelle	51-year-old Phyllis Oser fatally shot her two grandchildren, Kylie Lavelle, 5, and Landon Lavelle, 5 months, before turning the gun on herself. Family members reported that Oser had struggled with depression and had not sought treatment. Oser’s husband had	2 - unknown	2010	South Carolina	TRUE	1	FALSE	NA
M. L. Lloyd III	8-year-old M. L. Lloyd III’s official cause of death was “asphyxia due to neck compression.” His body was covered with bruises indicating a severe beating, and officials were concerned that he may have been dead for several hours before	1 - yes	2008	Louisiana	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse
Lance Planck	Lance Planck, age 6, died from untreated meningitis after his parents, William and Sarah Planck, failed to seek medical treatment for him. He was also found to be malnourished when he died. The Plancks’ religious beliefs were opposed	1 - yes	1995	Indiana	TRUE	1	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Hannah Davenport	Hannah Davenport, age 6, died of malnutrition and dehydration after her caregivers failed to give her proper treatment for her medical condition. Hannah had a birth defect known as ectopic anus and required a special diet of soft	1 - yes	2005	Missouri	TRUE	1	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Kendrick Lee	Kendrick Lee (b. 2012) was murdered by Brian Coulter, his mother’s boyfriend, on or around November 20, 2020. Before his death, Kendrick and his three brothers (b. 2006, 2011, and 2014) were physically abused by their mother, Gloria	1 - yes	2020	Texas	TRUE	1	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
7 Children of Austin and Annie Wiggin	Four girls (Helen, b. 1946; Dorothy ‘Dot’, b. 1949; Betty, b. 1951; and Rachel, b. 1954) and three boys (Rick Tenney; Austin Wiggin III; and Robert Wiggin), were isolated and abused by their father, Austin Wiggin Jr. The	1 - yes	1973	New Hampshire	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse
5 Children of Thomas and Susan Lavery	Thomas Lavery, 57, plead guilty to attempted child endangerment after being accused of bullying his five homeschooled children to win spelling bees and excel academically by beating them and forcing them to study for long periods without sleep	1 - yes	1995	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
28 Children of Kathy and Dan Blackburn	Twenty-eight children adopted from Haiti (ranging in age from infant to 11 years when adopted in 1987), several with special needs, were neglected and physically abused by their parents, Kathy and Dan Blackburn. Several of the girls also	1 - yes	1995	Indiana	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Disabilities, Adoption
3 Children in North Pole Alaska	Kenneth Rarick sexually molested three children in North Pole, Alaska, while living with their family as a live-in homeschool teacher from 1997 to 1998. During this time Rarick also taught at a nearby private school run by a	1 - yes	1998	Alaska	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
3 Boys by Douglas Myers	Three boys, born in 1983, 1985, and 1986, were sexually abused by Rev. Douglas W. Myers, the minister at Bayside Baptist Church. The boy who was born in 1985 was homeschooled at the church by Myers between seventh	2 - unknown	1998	Maryland	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
Child of Andrew and Carolyn Mayer	Andrew and Carolyn Mayer sent two of their children off to church alone one Sunday so that they could be alone with their 16 year old daughter. Carolyn watched as Andrew, the girl’s stepfather, raped the girl and	1 - yes	2000	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
4 Children of Sylvia and Michael Wenger	Four children—Richard Felsch (right), b. 1988; his twin sisters, b. 1987; and an unrelated boy, b. 1995—were imprisoned and physically and sexually abused by Sylvia and Michael Wenger (left), their adoptive parents. The children were homeschooled. It is	1 - yes	2001	Washington	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Hillary Adams	In 2004, 16 year old Hillary Adams, who has cerebral palsy, was violently beaten by her homeschooling father as a punishment for downloading music online. Hillary secretly videotaped the beating but did not release the	1 - yes	2004	Texas	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
Aziza Kibibi and 7 siblings	Eight children—seven girls, of whom Aziza Kibibi, b. 1978, was the oldest, and one boy—were physically and sexually abused by their father, Aswad Ayinde, a music producer for The Fugees. The children’s mother, Beverly, knew about the abuse	1 - yes	2006	New Jersey	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Boy by Christina Thomas and Peggy Starr	Christina Thomas and her mother, Peggy Starr, abused Erin Albin, a developmentally-disabled woman under their care, and abused, starved, and imprisoned Albin’s son between 2006 and 2010. When the boy was rescued at age 6-1/2, he weighed 23	1 - yes	2010	New Hampshire	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Angel Dwyer	Angel Dwyer (pictured), b. 1992, was forced by her mother to marry at age 13, whereupon she was physically abused by her husband, X. Angel was homeschooled. Angel’s birth in New Jersey was not registered. She never visited	1 - yes	2011	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect
6 Children of Timothy and Barbara Krause	Six children—five boys, ages 16, 15, 14, 14, and 12; and a 13-year-old girl—were tortured and starved by their adoptive parents, Timothy and Barbara Krause. The children were homeschooled, although according to investigators they were at least two	1 - yes	2018	Pennsylvania	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Amber Dawn Lee and 10 children by Arvin Shreeve	Amber Dawn Lee (b. 1971) is one of at least 10 children who were sexually abused by Arvin Shreeve, the leader of a polygamist new religious movement called the Zion Society. Like the other children in the group,	1 - yes	1991	Utah	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
4 Children by Daniel Sweetman	Four children, including a 9-year-old boy, his 8-year-old sister, and a 10-year-old boy, were sexually abused by their babysitter, Daniel Sweetman, around March 1991. Sweetman was the son of Julius Schacknow, the leader of a new religious movement	1 - yes	1991	Connecticut	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse
Stacy and Jeremy Beckman	Stacy Beckman, age 10, and Jeremy Beckman, age 8, were imprisoned, starved, and physically and sexually abused by their foster parents, Shane and Judy Huxoll. The children had been pulled from school to be homeschooled, which “mostly consisted	1 - yes	1995	Colorado	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
2 Children of Richard and Christine Dodson	A 6 year old boy and a 5 year old girl were abused by their adoptive parents, Richard and Christine Dodson. The Dodsons severely starved and beat the boy, and broke the girl’s bones multiple times. The boy	1 - yes	1995	Texas	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Adoption
Jessyca Mullenberg	13-year-old Jessyca Mullenberg was kidnapped from her father’s home in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, by her writing teacher, Steven Oliver, on September 16, 1995. Oliver and Jessyca drove to Kansas City, Missouri, and then flew to Houston, Texas. Oliver	1 - yes	1995	Multistate	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Abduction
Wesley Jordan	Adam Wesley Jordan (b. 1980), who went by Wesley, was tortured and imprisoned for 18 months by his stepfather, Steve Maynard, and his mother Bonnie Maynard. Wesley’s two sisters (S., b. 1984; and M., b. 1990) were not	1 - yes	1995	Kentucky	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Leonard Cammalleri	Leonard Joseph “Lenny” Cammalleri, b. 1983, was abducted by his father, Leonard Alfred Cammalleri, in April 1984. Cammalleri homeschooled Lenny to avoid detection, preventing him from socializing with other children and closely monitoring his movements outside the home.	1 - yes	1984	New York	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Abduction
2 Children of Keith and Susan Ludwig	Investigators responding to an anonymous tip in 1997 found that Keith and Susan Ludwig forced their two daughters, aged 13 and 15, to sleep in make-shift cages with a brick-and-string alarm system and whipped them with leather straps,	1 - yes	1997	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
Judah Cobble	Judah Cobble, age 12, was repeatedly spanked with a belt by his father, Donald Cobble, a minister at the Christian Teaching and Worship Center. Judah’s teachers reported suspected abuse to social services, who found that there was substantial	1 - yes	1997	Massachusetts	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Disabilities
3 Grandchildren of John Pierre Baker and Betty Jo Miller	In 1997, two children, a boy and a girl, clawed a hole in the room of their trailer home prison and escaped into the Arizona desert. Their story began ten years before, when their mother went to prison	1 - yes	1997	Arizona	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Abduction
Tina Anderson	Tina Anderson was 15 when she was raped twice by Ernest Willis, a friend of her family. When she became pregnant, her mother Christine Dooley and Chuck Phelps, the pastor of Trinity Baptist Church (IFB) in Concord, NH	1 - yes	1997	Colorado	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Imprisonment
Shenna Grimm	Shenna Grimm was 16 in 1998 when her mother and stepfather, Narda and John Goff, inseminated her with a syringe full of John’s sperm. Shenna had been withdrawn from school in fourth grade to be homeschooled, but instead	1 - yes	1998	Ohio	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse
4 children of Lucinda and Edward Sizemore Sr.	Eddie Sizemore Jr. (age 17) and his three siblings (ages 11, 8, and 4) were imprisoned, deprived of food and water, and neglected by their parents, Lucinda and Edward Sizemore Sr. The children were homebirthed and did not	1 - yes	1999	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
4 children by Rita and William Meserve	Four children, ages 16, 13, 10, and 8, were tortured by their aunt, Rita Meserve. Their uncle, William Franklin Meserve, did nothing to stop the abuse and in some cases held the children down. The children were homeschooled.	1 - yes	1999	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
19 Children of Mansa Musa Muhummed	Nineteen children were starved, tortured, and imprisoned by their father, Mansa Musa Muhummed. Muhummed’s three wives—Marva Barfield, Laura Cowan, and Adrienne Easter—were also sexually assaulted, beaten, and imprisoned; Barfield participated in the children’s abuse at Muhummed’s instruction, and	1 - yes	1999	California	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Son of Christopher and Trina Pope and 8 siblings	An 8-year-old boy was starved and chained to a bed for a year by his parents, Christopher Shawn Pope and Trina Pope. The boy’s grandmother, Wanda Zavala, knew about the abuse but did nothing because she believed he	1 - yes	1999	Texas	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Boy by Ixchel Maybury	Ixchel Maybury sexually assaulted a 13-year-old boy that she was homeschooling. The Winslow school system had urged Maybury to complete her homeschooling certification, but she had not done so. Maybury assaulted the boy five or six times between	1 - yes	1999	Maine	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
3 children of Stanley Lacefield and Cicely Mason	A 10-year-old boy and his 8-year-old sister were beaten and imprisoned by their stepfather, Stanley A. Lacefield, and their mother, Cicely K. Mason. The couple were also wanted in Arkansas on charges of beating one of Lacefield’s sons	1 - yes	1999	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
2 children of Emily Miller	Two boys, ages 10 and 9, were removed from the custody of their adoptive mother, Emily Miller, after the younger boy—who had cerebral palsy—was found tied to a urine-filled bucket in the basement. Clad only in a t-shirt	2 - unknown	1999	Michigan	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Disabilities, Adoption
14 Children by Roland and Jacques Robidoux	Fourteen children were physically abused and medically neglected in The Body, a cultlike organization controlled by their grandfather, Roland Robidoux, and his son Jacques Robidoux. When they were rescued, the victims included: 4 children of Jacques and Karen	1 - yes	1999	Massachusetts	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Child of August and Jeanine Halbesleben	Tommy Halbesleben, age 10, was starved by his father, August James Halbesleben, and his stepmother Jeanine Marie Halbesleben, from the summer of 1999—when the Halbeslebens began homeschooling him due to “conflicts with his second grade teacher and school	1 - yes	2000	Idaho	FALSE	0	TRUE	Food Deprivation
Pridine Fru	Actress and talk-show host Pridine Fru (right) was imprisoned and physically and sexually abused by her adoptive parents, Joseph (seated) and Evelyn (left) Djoumessi, from the time she was illegally adopted at age 14 until she was rescued	1 - yes	2000	Michigan	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Adoption
6 Grandchildren of Gordon Winrod	In 1995 and 1996, Gordon Winrod, a antisemitic Christian Identity leader, kidnapped six of his grandchildren and held them on his extensive compound. The children did not go to school during this time, or leave the compound; instead, they	2 - unknown	1995	Missouri	FALSE	0	FALSE	Imprisonment, Abduction
Lindsay Tornambe and Others by Victor A. Barnard	Lindsay Tornambe’s family moved from Pennsylvania to Minnesota when she was 11 to be closer to the ministry of pastor Victor A. Barnard. Tornambe had already been homeschooled for some time, and she first met Barnard when she was	1 - yes	2012	Minnesota	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
6 Children of Patrick McMullen	Patrick McMullen raped his daughters, beat his wife and sons, and isolated his family in a converted nightclub with an eight-foot double fence from 1995 to 2001. Patrick, who was active in the John Birch Society, covered the	1 - yes	2001	Massachusetts	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
7 children of JoAnn and Michael McGuckin	Seven children—Erina (age 19, right), Kathryn (16), Benjamin (14), Mary (13), James (11), Frederick (9), and Jane (8)—were starved and neglected by their parents, Michael and JoAnn McGuckin (center). All were homeschooled. Both Michael and JoAnn suffered from	1 - yes	2001	Idaho	FALSE	0	FALSE	Food Deprivation
Lauren Kavanaugh and 5 siblings	Lauren Kavanaugh, also known as Lauren Calhoun, was freed at age 8 from a six-year imprisonment in a closet where she was systematically tortured, raped, and starved by her mother and stepfather	1 - yes	2001	Texas	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
15 children of Bill and Debbie Rettew	Fifteen children with disabilities were physically abused, medically neglected, and starved by their adoptive parents, Bill and Debbie Rettew. The Rettews had adopted at least nine other disabled children over the years in addition to their biological daughter	1 - yes	1998	South Carolina	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
13 children of Winnfred Wright	Thirteen children—ranging in age from 8 months to 15 years—were starved, imprisoned, beaten, and medically neglected by their father, Winnfred Wright (left), and his four wives (from left to right) Carol Bremner, Deirdre Wilson, Mary Campbell, and Kali	1 - yes	2001	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Child of Stephen Douglas James	The sexual abuse suffered at the hands of her adoptive father, Stephen Douglas James, began when she was 11, the girl reported, but she did not initially tell anyone of the abuse because she was afraid that her	1 - yes	2001	Texas	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Adoption
Gail Perkins	In the late 1990s, 18-month-old Gail Perkins was kidnapped by her father, Adam Lee Perkins, from her Greensboro, North Carolina, home in the midst of a custody dispute. Along with his mother, Ruth Perkins, Adam fled with the girl to	2 - unknown	1997	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Abduction
Children of Samuel Thomas Patrick and Debra Lynn Patrick	Samuel Thomas Patrick fathered 9 children with his sister, Debra Lynn Patrick (pictured), and 4 grandchildren with his adolescent daughters. All 13 children were homebirthed and homeschooled. The abuse came to light when workers at the cemetery where	1 - yes	2002	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
Emily Fritts	Mary Fritts kidnapped her 7-year-old daughter, Emily Fritts, from Staunton, Virginia, in August 1994 to avoid allowing her ex-husband visitation rights. The mother and daughter assumed new identities and moved frequently, living in Tennessee, Oregon, Kansas, Alaska, and	2 - unknown	2002	Multistate	FALSE	0	FALSE	Abduction
Dozens of children by Dwight Malachi York	Dwight “Malachi” York’s was arrested in 2002 and convicted in 2004 of child molestation in what was the largest prosecution of child molestation by a single individual in U.S. history. York was the leader of a quasi-religious cult, United Nuwaubian Nation	1 - yes	2002	Georgia	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
Elizabeth Smart	14-year-old Elizabeth Smart was abducted from her bedroom in Salt Lake City on June 5, 2002. Elizabeth was held captive by Brian David Mitchell, who considered himself a prophet, and his wife Wanda Ileen Barzee. Mitchell threatened, bound,	1 - yes	2003	Utah	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Imprisonment, Abduction
2 boys by Barbara and Tommy Baldwin	Two boys, ages 10 and 9, were imprisoned and starved by their great-aunt Barbara Dean Baldwin and her husband Tommy Lee Baldwin. The boys were forced to live in a hot, windowless garage and were not allowed into	1 - yes	2002	Texas	FALSE	0	TRUE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Lisa Gooding	In 1991, Melissa Gooding kidnapped her 2-year-old daughter, Lisa Gooding. Melissa’s parents accompanied the mother and daughter, and Lisa grew up in the company of her mother and grandparents. The family adopted assumed names and moved every few	2 - unknown	1991	Multistate	FALSE	0	FALSE	Abduction
2 children of Brenda Frazier	An 11-year-old boy and a 9-year-old girl were tortured by their grandparents, LaDonna (right) and Johnny Stilwell, and their mother Brenda Frazier (not pictured), using an electric cattle prod. The boy was also locked in his room with	2 - unknown	2002	Oklahoma	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
Joseph Chaney	Cynthia Guthrie abducted 14-year-old Joseph Chaney from his mobile home in Tennessee and went on the run with him, first to Colorado and then to New Mexico, where she was caught. Guthrie was a friend of the boy’s	1 - yes	2002	Tennessee	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Abduction
6 Children of Mary Rowles and Alice Jenkins	Six children—B. (b. 1988), Danny (b. 1990), Marissa (b. 1992), Tyler “Ty” (b. 1993), Jesse (b. 1995), and Caleb (b. 1996)—were imprisoned, starved, and tortured by their biological mother, Mary Rowles, and her partner Alice “Jamie” Jenkins. The	1 - yes	2003	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
3 Children of Mary Corrigan	Mary Corrigan, 33, was charged with child neglect after it was discovered that she locked her three children, 6, 8, and 10, naked in a bathroom for long periods of time and forced them to drink vinegar, eat	1 - yes	2003	Indiana	FALSE	0	TRUE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Valerie Charlene Lucie	Eleven year old Valerie Lucie hung herself after being brutally raped in the shower by her father, Timothy Lucie. Valerie was described as a happy and outgoing girl whose homeschool social calendar was filled with soccer and choir.	1 - yes	2003	New York	TRUE	1	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
4 Children of Vanessa and Ray Jackson	Vanessa and Ray Jackson systematically starved their four adopted sons, beat them with brooms, rulers, sticks, shoes, and belt buckles, and choked them. When they were found, Bruce, 19, weighed 45 pounds; Keith, 14, weighed 41 pounds; Tyrone,	1 - yes	2003	New Jersey	FALSE	0	FALSE	Food Deprivation, Adoption
Boy by Michael Krause	C.H., a 12-year-old boy, was groomed and forced to appear in pornography by Michael Alvin Krause, his homeschool teacher. Krause befriended the boy’s mother, Misty Hebert, and grandmother Nancy Hunt, claiming that he had been “a Pentecostal preacher	1 - yes	2003	Texas	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse
Child of Lee Ann and Troy Miller	On March 12, 2004, law enforcement found Lee Ann Miller’s 17-year-old daughter living in squalor in the basement of the family home. The girl had been withdrawn from public school 3 years prior, supposedly to begin homeschooling. Soon	1 - yes	2004	Wisconsin	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
2 children of Arthur and Lori Allain	Arthur Thomas “Tommy” Allain, Jr. and Lori Allain starved and imprisoned their foster daughter, age 10, and physically abused her half-brother John Edwards Jr., age 14. The girl also described being sexually assaulted by her foster father and	1 - yes	2004	Florida	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Children of Tom and Debra Schmitz	All 18 of the children living with Tom and Debra Schmitz, some adopted and some biological, were removed from their home after a nurse in their employ reported abuse and neglect. Many of the children had been placed	1 - yes	2004	Tennessee	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
5 children by Patrick and Sherry Kelley	Five children, girls aged 15, 14, and 6 and boys aged 13 and 11, were burned, beaten, starved, and imprisoned by their adoptive parents, Patrick (center) and Sherry Kelley. Their grandparents, George and Shirley Long, knew about the	1 - yes	2004	Alaska	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Child of Peter and Deedra Mitchell	Peter and Deedra Mitchell withheld food from their six year old adopted son, locked him in a basement, forced him to sleep on a rubber mat, handcuffed him, and hung him upside down in a garage, spinning him	1 - yes	2004	Missouri	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Child of Ernest and Cynthia Davison	Officials responding to a child neglect tip found a 5 year old adopted girl weighing only 21 pounds. Her body showed signs of having been restrained for long periods of time. She and her three siblings, all of	1 - yes	2004	New Jersey	FALSE	0	FALSE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
5 Children of John and Linda Dollar	John and Linda Dollar are accused of abusing their 5 adopted children, ages 12, 13, 14, 14, and 16, by branding them with a cattle prod, striking their feet with hammers, pulling out their toenails with pliers, and	1 - yes	2005	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
1 Child of Rene Tibucio Valenzuela	A 14-year-old girl was physically and sexually abused by her father, Rene Tibucio Valenzuela, and locked in a small, dark empty bedroom for 15 months. The girl was only let out of the room for brief bathroom and meal	1 - yes	2005	Arizona	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Girl by Hyacinth Poouahi	A.C., a 10-year-old girl, was starved and tortured with the knowledge of her caregiver, Hyacinth Poouahi (pictured left). A.C. was homeschooled. A.C., then age 9, was dropped off at Poouahi’s home in November 2004 by her biological mother,	1 - yes	2005	Hawaii	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Child of Wilson and Brenda Sullivan	Wilson and Brenda Sullivan’s 17 year old mentally handicapped adopted son was found caged in a crib by investigators responding to an anonymous tip. He was severely malnourished and weighed only 49 pounds, less than what he weighed	1 - yes	2005	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
Michaela and Caleb Parker	Kimu (left) and Blair Parker starved and medically neglected their three children, Michaela (age 11), Caleb (age 9), and Zion (age 3). The children were homeschooled. The Parkers were fundamentalist naturopaths who practiced homebirths and shunned vaccines and	1 - yes	2005	Arizona	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Jackie Zudis	Thi My Lan Nguyen, born c.1967 and later known as Jackie Zudis, was sexually assaulted for decades by her adoptive father, George Joseph England (who used the alias Stephen Arthur Seagoe). He kept her in school until she	1 - yes	1986	California	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Adoption, Abduction
5 Children of Jessica Banks	Five girls, ages 4 to 11, were starved, beaten, and sexually abused by their adoptive mother, Jessica Banks. The girls were removed from public school in 2004 shortly after their adoption. Banks was the pastor of the Word	1 - yes	2005	California	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Two Children of Mother and J.S.	Savannah and Selena, both adopted, were subjected to horrific sexual abuse at the hands of their adult brother, Michael, who was also adopted. The couple, described only as Mother and J.S. in court documents, had three additional young	1 - yes	2005	Tennessee	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Adoption
11 Children of Michael and Sharon Gravelle	Michael and Sharon Gravelle forced their eleven adopted special needs children to sleep in stacked cages rigged with alarms. At night, the children were so afraid of setting off the alarms that they would urinate in their clothes	1 - yes	2005	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Disabilities, Adoption
2 Children of David and Glenda Kinghorn	David and Glenda Kinghorn had 2 biological children and four adopted children, and took in as many as 8 additional children from disrupted adoptions. David was charged and convicted of raping one of these children, a girl aged	2 - unknown	2005	Arkansas	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Disabilities, Adoption
15 Children of Robert Hale (Papa Pilgrim)	Robert Hale served as midwife at the births of all fifteen of his children. The family homesteaded, homeschooled (although little education took place), and lived in isolation in the Sangre de Cristo mountains of New Mexico until 1998,	1 - yes	2005	Alaska	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse
Rachel L. Jonathan L. and Mary Grace L.	At age 14, Rachel contacted police saying she had run away from home. When questioned by the Department of Child and Family Services (DCFS), she said her father beat her with a stick, hanger, or shoe, that she	1 - yes	2006	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect
3 Children of Laurie Williamson	As early as 2000, Laurie Williamson’s eldest son’s teacher began expressing concern about him as they watched a once-happy preschooler become thin and withdrawn. Williamson responded by withdrawing him from school and homeschooling all three of her children.	1 - yes	2006	Texas	FALSE	0	TRUE	Medical Neglect
Travis Embrey	In May 2004, Robert Lynn Embrey and Bonnie Gail Embrey abducted their grandson, Travis Embrey, and traveled with him from California to Arizona. The couple were Travis’s guardians and fled with him because they objected to allowing the boy court	1 - yes	2004	Arizona	FALSE	0	FALSE	Abduction
Children by George Johnston 4 others	At least 6 children were ritually sexually assaulted by George Otis Johnston (right, sometimes identified as ‘Johnson’), the pastor of Grandview Valley Baptist Church North, and four elders at its sister church Grand Valley Independent Baptist Church: pastor	1 - yes	2006	Missouri	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
Child of Melvin Wright Jr. and Denise Wright	Medical personnel responding to an emergency call in early January, 2007, found an emaciated 11-year-old girl. Some reports indicate that the girl weighed under 30 pounds. The girl was taken to the hospital and then sent to live with	1 - yes	2007	Hawaii	FALSE	0	FALSE	Food Deprivation
Shawn Hornbeck	11-year-old Shawn Hornbeck was kidnapped on October 6, 2002, while he was out riding his bike. His abductor, Michael Devlin, kept Shawn captive at his home fifty miles away for four years, sexually assaulting the boy and creating	1 - yes	2002	Missouri	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Abduction
2 children of Jessica Botzko and John Westover	Two boys, ages 10 and 5, were locked in cages by their parents, Jessica Botzko and John Westover, as punishment for stealing food and whenever Westover was making drugs. The older boy was also sometimes forced to wear	1 - yes	2007	Ohio	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Children of Kelleen Murray-Auguste	A 10-year-old boy was starved by his mother, Kelleen Deon Murray-Auguste. One of the boy’s eight siblings, a 9-year-old girl, was also 20 percent below her normal body weight. The children were homeschooled. When the boy was rescued,	1 - yes	2007	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Children of Earl and Deborah Dinkler	A 13 year old girl and an 11 year old boy were forced by their adoptive parents, Earl and Deborah Dinkler, to run 15 laps around the property before breakfast each day. This had been going on for	1 - yes	2007	Georgia	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Adoption
Child of Dendra Patrick and Reginald Carr	A 12 year old boy was brutally abused at the hands of his mother, Dendra Patrick, 43, and her boyfriend, Reginald Carr, 42. When the police arrived after a tip from a neighbor, they found the boy laying	1 - yes	2007	Florida	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
Child of Ardee Verlon Tyler and Penny Sue Tyler	Ardee Verlon Tyler and Penny Sue Tyler adopted five girls from Liberia in 2005. The couple had two older biological children. The second adopted daughter, age 8 when she first arrived in the family and 10 when the	1 - yes	2010	Oklahoma	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Boy by Merideth Johnson Vincent	A 14-year-old boy was molested by his homeschool teacher, Merideth Johnson Vincent, over the course of a four-week period between September and October 2007. Vincent, a married mother of three, was a main teacher for a private homeschooling	1 - yes	2007	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
3 Children of Jaileen Soliman	Three children, ages 10, 7 and 1, were neglected and deprived of food by their mother, Jaileen Lorraine Soliman. The two older children had been homeschooled for the past two months after the 7-year-old girl was suspended for	1 - yes	2007	Florida	FALSE	0	TRUE	Food Deprivation
3 Children of Kevan and Stacy Thoman	Two girls, M. (b. 1994) and K. (b. 1997) were sexually abused by their parents, Kevan and Stacy Thoman. Their little brother J. (b. 2003) was not reported to be abused. The children were homeschooled. M. was born	1 - yes	2009	Nevada	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
Katelyn Colbie Pendleton	In 2006, when Katelyn Colbie Pendleton was 9, her mother, Velma Hare, gave her away to a friend, Kizza Monika Lopez. Lopez soon began intermittently starving and force feeding the girl, and having her sleep in a closet.	1 - yes	2008	Florida	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
A.S. and L.S. by Wayne Bent	Two girls—A.S., age 16, and L.S., a.k.a. Healed Travesser (pictured), age 14—were sexually abused by Wayne Bent, a.k.a. Michael Travesser (pictured). The girls were the children of John and Elsa Sayer, who were members of the Lord Our	1 - yes	2008	New Mexico	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
Child of Paul and Debbie Salvetti	Paul and Debbie Salvetti’s 13 year old adopted son escaped imprisonment in a room of their home by kicking through a wall into another bedroom. He went to his former public school the next day to notify a	1 - yes	2007	North Carolina	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
9 Children of Robyn and Graydon Drown	Graydon Drown beat his children with fiberglass rods tipped with a knotted cords while his wife, Robyn Drown, stood by and watched. Both parents beat their children with two by fours and neither did much in the way	1 - yes	2008	Oregon	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
2 Children of Earnest and Windie Perry	Windie Perry and her adult adopted daughter, Elizabeth, 20, sexually abused and tortured two adopted girls, aged 11 and 13. They were accused of imprisoning the girls in a dog kennel, tying them to cots, depriving them of	1 - yes	2008	Tennessee	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
2 Children of Kimberly and John Quebe	Two children, a 15-year-old girl and an 11-year-old boy, were imprisoned and physically abused by their parents, Kimberly Joy Quebe and John Herman Quebe. The Quebes claimed to be homeschooling, but they did not follow any of the	1 - yes	2008	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
11 Children of Jeremy and Christine Long	Six girls and five boys, ages 10 months to 18 years, were severely neglected by their parents, Jeremy and Christine Long. The children were second-generation homeschoolers—their father, Jeremy Long, had been homeschooled and wanted the same for his	1 - yes	2008	Georgia	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
4 Children of Raymond and Ida Thurmond	Four children, ages 14, 13, 12, and 9, were beaten, imprisoned, starved, and medically neglected by their father, Raymond Daniel Thurmond, and their mother, Ida Thurmond. (The two oldest children were Raymond’s from a previous marriage; the 12-year-old	1 - yes	2008	Georgia	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
4 Daughters of Kenneth Yaw and Rita Starceski	Four girls—15-year-old twins Kelly and Colleen, Michaela (age 13), and Bridget (age 11)—were imprisoned and deprived of food by their father, Dr. Kenneth Yaw. The girls’ stepmother Rita Starceski knew about the abuse and did nothing to stop	1 - yes	2008	New Mexico	FALSE	0	TRUE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Children by Tony Alamo	Six girls—Jeanne Orlando (left), Amy Eddy (second from left), Desiree Kolbek (second from right), Pebbles Rodriguez, Jamie Rodriquez, and Summer Hagan—were taken as child brides and sexually abused by Tony Alamo, a fundamentalist minister and leader of the	1 - yes	2008	Arkansas	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse
Child of Rebecca Long and Jon Pomeroy	Rebecca Long, 44, and Jon Pomeroy, 43, have been charged with first-degree and second-degree criminal mistreatment in what the local sheriff’s investigators called “the worst case of child abuse they had ever seen.” A 14 year old girl,	1 - yes	2008	Washington	FALSE	0	TRUE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
2 Children of Shelley Blair	In 2008, Shelley Blair’s two adopted children, a 12 year old boy and a 13 year old girl, ran away from her home and were found wandering at the side of a busy road. The two were severely	1 - yes	2008	Tennessee	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Child of Kathryn and Kenneth Kreier	Kathryn Kreier punished her 14 year old adopted daughter by depriving her of food, forcing her to sleep outside naked, and fracturing her fingers. Her husband Kenneth Kreier, the girl’s biological father, did nothing to stop the abuse.	1 - yes	2008	Wisconsin	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
24 children of Paul and Paula Dunham	Paul Dane Dunham and Paula Lee Dunham had 9 biological children and adopted 15 others, including 8 from the Philippines who were obtained through disrupted adoptions. The other 7 children were obtained from private adoption agencies—the Dunhams were	1 - yes	2008	Minnesota	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Adoption
6 Children of Zion and Glenda Lea Dutro	Zion Dutro tortured and molested his four biological daughters and two adopted nieces over the course of two decades, with the assistance of his wife, Glenda Lea Dutro. Glenda would choose one of the girls and tell her	1 - yes	2009	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Christi and Bobby Baskin	Katharine Christine “Christi” Baskin (b. 1980) and Robert Maple “Bobby” Baskin (b. 1981) were abducted from their Murfreesboro, Tennessee home by their grandparents, Marvin L. Maple and Sandra K. Maple, on March 1, 1989. The Maples had been	1 - yes	1989	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Abduction
16 children of Richard Jay Swank	Sixteen children were physically abused and deprived of food by their father, Richard Jay Swank. The fourth child, a boy born around 1985, was Swank’s scapegoat; he was tortured, imprisoned, and sexually abused for 18 years. The children’s	1 - yes	2009	California	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
2 Children of Estella Rosendo	A 15-year-old boy was punched in the face by his mother, Estella Rosendo, after defending his 11-year-old brother from her. The boys were homeschooled. Rosendo was arrested for child abuse. Date: May 5, 2009 Location: Port St. Lucie,	2 - unknown	2009	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
3 Grandchildren of James and Cheri Crawford	Three boys, ages 12, 11, and 8, were tortured by their grandparents, James and Cheri Crawford. The boys had been pulled from school to be homeschooled. The boys had come to live with their grandparents after their father	1 - yes	2009	South Carolina	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Jaycee Dugard and 2 Daughters	Jaycee Dugard was kidnapped from her home town of Lake Tahoe, on June 10, 1991. She was held captive by previously convicted kidnapper Phillip Garrido at his home in Antioch, California. Jaycee was kept handcuffed, locked in a	1 - yes	1991	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Imprisonment, Abduction
Nevaeh Miller	Nevaeh Miller, b. 1992 (pictured), was sexually abused by her stepfather, Jason Thomas Rogers (a.k.a. Larry Lemon). Nevaeh was homeschooled. Nevaeh, identified as E.C. in court documents, was removed from her mother’s care as a child due to	1 - yes	2009	Alaska	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse
5 children of Sinhue Johnson and Louann Bowers	In 1993, 16-year-old Louann Bowers ran away from home, allegedly to be with her uncle, Sinhue Johnson. Together they had five children who were hidden from the world and raised in squalid conditions without electricity or running water.	1 - yes	2009	Pennsylvania	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Imprisonment
Child of Daniel Ballard	When police went to a trailer park in Louisiana to evict Daniel Ballard, they found a malnourished 14-year-old boy who weighed only 60 pounds and had untreated infected injuries on his arms and foot. The trailer’s conditions were	1 - yes	2005	Louisiana	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Child of Rhonda Renee Johnson	Rhonda Renee Johnson, 37, was arrested after she allegedly sprayed her 12 year old son’s eyes with cleaning fluid and locked him out of their apartment. Police found the boy after a neighbor called them to report that the	1 - yes	2009	Georgia	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
Children of Peter Hansen	A 13-year-old boy was starved and imprisoned in a bathroom by his father, Peter D. Hansen. The boy’s 11-year-old sister was also starved. Both were homeschooled. After the Hansens were evicted from their home in 2009, they took	1 - yes	2009	Missouri	FALSE	0	FALSE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
7 Children of Jeffrey and Danita York	Seven children—two boys and five girls ranging in age from 3 months to 19 years—were imprisoned and physically and sexually abused for fifteen years by their father, Jeffrey York. At least one of the girls was York’s stepdaughter.	1 - yes	2009	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
Child of Scott and Andrea Bass	A 14 year old homeschooled girl in Arizona was held captive for two months in a homemade dungeon by her father, Scott Bass, and stepmother, Andrea Bass, as punishment for stealing food. The dungeon was a bathroom without	1 - yes	2010	Arizona	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
Child of Jeremiah Lovato	Jeremiah Lovato, a single father living in Colorado, pulled his 14 year old adopted son out of public school to homeschool him after suspicions arose that he was abusing the boy. Almost a year later Lovato’s brutal abuse	1 - yes	2010	Colorado	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Adoption
Child of Tammy Renea Andrews	Tammy Renea Andrews allegedly tortured her 10 year old adopted son, whom she homeschooled while sending her biological children to school. Andrews is charged with routinely tying the boy up or chaining him, denying him food, and beating	1 - yes	2010	Arizona	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
K.B. by Robert Sanders	A 13-year-old girl known as K.B. was sexually abused by her stepfather, Robert E. Sanders. Sanders forced her to agree to a “covenant” where he assaulted her in exchange for giving her “rewards” such as being allowed to	1 - yes	2010	New Jersey	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
6 Children of Maj. John and Carolyn Jackson	John and Carolyn Jackson homeschooled their three biological children and their three foster or adopted children through their local church. One foster or adopted daughter died in 2008. The Jacksons are not being charged in that death. The	1 - yes	2010	New Jersey	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Child of Todd and Lisa Mortensen	Todd Mortensen is alleged to have sexually abused a 12 year old girl placed in his home. The girl was in the process of being adopted by another family, but when this family began to struggle with caring	1 - yes	2010	New Mexico	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Adoption
5 children of Robert Simons and Mary Tittle	Five children, ages 7 to 13, were neglected and denied medical care by their parents, Robert H. Simons III and Mary Ella Tittle. The children’s grandmother, Roberta Sauls, knew about the neglect and did nothing. A woman who	1 - yes	2010	Tennessee	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Disabilities
3 Children in Liberty County Texas	An 8 year old boy was found locked inside an abandoned church, with only a paint can and a roll of toilet paper, after neighbors told Child Protective Services that the boy’s mother often left the child there.	1 - yes	2010	Texas	FALSE	0	FALSE	Imprisonment
Child by David Allen Goddard	David Allen Goddard homeschooled his wife’s adopted stepsister, T.B., who lived with the family, while his wife worked long hours as a nurse. T.B. came to live with the couple when she was 10, and Goddard’s sexual abuse	1 - yes	2010	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Adoption
Child of Roberto Fortin II	A 7-year-old boy, son of Roberto Fortin II, was brought to the hospital severely malnourished, in diapers, and covered with infected wounds. His stepmother said the boy was being homeschooled. The family lived in Florida. Date: August 2010 Location: Miami,	1 - yes	2010	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
2 Children of Dwayne and Pamela Hardy	Investigators responding to an anonymous tip found two children, aged 6 and 9, malnourished and scarred from beatings. Dwayne and Pamela Hardy had adopted the two children six months earlier, and homeschooled the two just as they had	1 - yes	2010	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Georgia and Patterson Inman	Twins Georgia Noel Lahi Inman and Walker Patterson Inman III (called ‘Patterson’), born in 1997 to Walker Patterson Inman Jr.—the heir to the Doris Duke fortune—and his fourth wife Daisha Inman (nee Aunday), were starved, imprisoned, and physically	1 - yes	2010	Multistate	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
2 Children of James and Anne Cardona	Two girls, ages 5 and 4, were neglected by their parents, James and Anne Cardona. The Cardonas claimed to be homeschooling them. The 5-year-old had rotten teeth and hair that was matted and filled with lice; the 4-year-old	1 - yes	2010	Georgia	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Child of Steven and Mikelann Renwick	A year and a half after Steven and Mikelann Renwick adopted their 6 year old son, he was admitted to the hospital with severe injuries to his head, legs, and body. The boy had been only allowed in	1 - yes	2010	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Adoption
Child of Sabrina Smith and Amanda Wills	A 6 year old girl was hospitalized weighing only 18 pounds. She was unresponsive at the time. She had been systematically starved by her mother, Sabrina Smith, 41, and her guardian, Amanda Wills, 30. While she was initially	1 - yes	2010	West Virginia	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
10 children of Sharon and Reed Leonard	Sharon Leonard struck her ten adopted children with a paddle or other objects, including a plastic pipe, a metal rod and a snow-removal brush. The children told investigators that Sharon had threatened to kill a couple of the boys. They also reported	1 - yes	2009	Missouri	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Adoption
6 Children of Anya James	Officials removed four of Anya James’s adopted children from her home after an older child, who had run away from home and was living on her own, reported her adoptive mother’s abuse. Another older adopted child had lodged	1 - yes	2010	Alaska	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
6 Children of John and Carolyn Caminiti	Six children—four boys (CM, b. 1993; JC, b. 1995; LK, b. 1998; and KD, b. 2005) and two girls (RJ, b. 2000; and TR, b. 2007)—were abused by their father, John Caminiti (right). Their mother, Carolyn Caminiti, was	1 - yes	2010	Wisconsin	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
2 Children of Latisha Lawson	Two children—Kierra King, born in 2000, and Jeziah King (right), born in 2007—were physically abused by their mother, Latisha Lawson (left). Kierra was homeschooled. Lawson lived with the children’s father, Lawrence King, until October 2009. After they broke	1 - yes	2010	Indiana	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse
Daughter of Jerald Hall	J. (b. 1996) was repeatedly sexually assaulted by her father, Jerald A. Hall. J. was homeschooled. In 2005, J.’s mother sent her to live with her father in Oklahoma. When J. was in fifth grade, her father began	1 - yes	2011	Multistate	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse
Desirae Deondra and Melody Brown	Desirae (b. 1979, right), Deondra (b. 1980, center), and Melody (b. 1984, left) Brown were sexually abused by their father, Keith Scott Brown, who was also their business manager. The girls were part of the piano chamber ensemble	1 - yes	2011	Utah	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
3 Children of John and Sonja Kluth	John Edward Kluth and Sonja Kay Kluth beat, choked, whipped, and burned their three adopted children, two boys aged 15 and 11, and a 9 year old girl. The Kluths also forced the children to eat pet food,	1 - yes	2010	Oklahoma	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Adoption
5 Children of Jeffrey and Rebecca Trebilcock	Jeffrey and Rebecca Trebilcock systematically starved their five adopted children, one boy and four girls, all between the ages of 10 and 13. The abuse came to light when the boy, 13, was admitted to the emergency room	1 - yes	2011	Washington	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation, Adoption
4 Children of David and Angela Lore	David and Angela Lore were charged with child abuse, contributing to the delinquency of a minor, and animal cruelty when it was discovered that they were leaving their four children, ages 7, 9, 14, and 16, home alone	1 - yes	2011	North Carolina	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect
Son of Tina Graham and Vernon Widner	A 14-year-old boy was starved, caged, and physically abused by his mother, Tina Louise Graham, and her fiance Vernon D. Widner. The boy was withdrawn from school in January 2011 to be homeschooled, although no education actually took	1 - yes	2011	Indiana	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
4 Children of Alisa S.	Alisa and Andrew, residents of Utah and the parents of four children (known in court documents as A.S., C.S., L.S., and J.S.) divorced in 2008. Alisa was granted sole custody. After a substantiated child welfare referral regarding child	1 - yes	2011	California	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse
Child of Robert Caravella and Carol Hann	At age 7, Robert Caravella and Carol Hann introduced their son to pornography. At age 8, his mother began raping him while his father watched. This became a regular occurrence. The sexual abuse came to light after the	1 - yes	2010	Pennsylvania	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
Children of Martin and Kathleen OBrien	Six children, ages 9 to 17, were abused by their adoptive parents, Martin and Kathleen O’Brien. Some of the children were homeschooled. The O’Briens’ three biological children (an adult daughter, Diane, and two minor sons) were not abused	1 - yes	2011	Wisconsin	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Child of Amanda Joliff	A 14 year old Colorado boy was kept padlocked in a small room with no light and boarded up windows by his mother, Amanda Joliff, for all but a few hours a day. The teen was allowed one	1 - yes	2011	Colorado	FALSE	0	TRUE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
2 children of Sandra and Jeffrey Weller and 4 siblings	16-year-old twins, a boy and a girl, were beaten, imprisoned, and starved by their adoptive mother Sandra Weller and their stepfather Jeffrey Weller. The twins were pulled out of school to be homeschooled after school officials reported suspicions	1 - yes	2011	Washington	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
6 children of Lora and Aubrey Thomas	T.T. (a 15-year-old boy), G.T. (a 14-year-old girl), B.T. (a 14-year-old boy), and E.T. (a 13-year-old girl), were tortured, starved, and sexually abused by their adoptive parents, Lora (or Laura) and Aubrey Thomas, and their older brother Garrett,	1 - yes	2012	Oklahoma	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation, Adoption
9 Children of James and Lucinda Haskin	Nine children, ages 3 to 17, were starved, neglected, and sexually abused by their parents, James E. Haskin Jr. and Lucinda Catherine Haskin. The Haskins claimed to be homeschooling them. According to an affidavit, the children were neglected	1 - yes	2011	Oklahoma	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Child of Chad Chritton and Melinda Drabek-Chritton	A severely malnourished 15 year old girl was found wandering barefoot on the side of a road in the middle of a Wisconsin winter, crying, after escaping the basement dungeon where she had been confined for the past	1 - yes	2012	Wisconsin	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
3 Children of Kenneth H. Brandt	Kenneth H. Brandt pleaded guilty to raping his three sons, ages 9 to 12; two were adopted and the other was in the process of being adopted. Brandt also pleaded guilty to prostituting one of the boys, aged	1 - yes	2012	Ohio	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Adoption
Girl by James Monson	A 16-year-old girl was raped approximately 10 times by her homeschooling teacher, pastor James Monson of Gaining Ground Community Church. Pregnant with her boyfriend’s child, the girl ran away from her home in Texas in December 2011 to	1 - yes	2012	Wisconsin	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
2 children by Albert and Nancy Cusson	A 13-year-old boy was tortured, beaten, and starved by his grandfather, Albert Cusson, and Cusson’s wife Nancy. A 9-year-old girl who lived with the family was also tortured. The boy was homeschooled. As punishment for poor performance on	1 - yes	2012	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Son of Michael Marshall and Sharon Glass	A 12-year-old boy, the son of Michael Marshall, was starved and imprisoned by his father and his father’s girlfriend, Sharon Glass, reportedly for stealing food. Two other children, Marshall’s 10-year-old daughter and Glass’s 5-year-old son, also lived in	1 - yes	2012	Florida	FALSE	0	TRUE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
2 Children of Paul and Amanda Lavoe	Paul Lavoe beat his teenage daughter and a teenage relative adopted from Ghana with electrical cords in what one doctor called an “extremely violent assault.” The two girls were enrolled in a virtual school but quickly fell behind	1 - yes	2012	Wisconsin	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Adoption
3 Children of Leslie Tiesler and Brad Thill	Leslie Tiesler is accused of starving three adopted sons, aged 13 and 14, shooting them with a BB gun, beating them with a spoon, and confining them to a tool chest for days. The other two children in	1 - yes	2012	North Carolina	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Cassandra and Moira B.	Cassandra B. (b. 1998) and Moira B. (b. 2008) were imprisoned and physically abused by their mother, Angel B., and their uncle. Cassandra was homeschooled. In May 2012, Angel punished 13-year-old Cassandra by forcing her “to sleep outside	2 - unknown	2012	Nebraska	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Disabilities
Child of Samuel and Diana Franklin	Diana and Samuel Franklin confined their 15 year old adopted daughter to a chicken coop, required her to wear a shock collar, and restricted her food and water. The girl was adopted in 2007, five years before the	1 - yes	2012	Georgia	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Child of Jacole Prince	On June 22, 2012, child welfare workers responding to a child abuse tip found a child locked in a small closet. At ten years old the girl, called LP in court records and news reports, weighed only 32	1 - yes	2012	Missouri	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Child of Matthew and Amy Sweeney	An 8 year old adopted son of Matthew and Amy Sweeney ran away from home after yet another beating and sought help from a neighbor. The child had deep bruising across his arms and back that indicated that	1 - yes	2012	Virginia	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Adoption
GW by Jeffrey Adam Kraft and Michele L. Buckner-Kraft	An 8-year-old girl identified as GW was starved, imprisoned, and abused by her uncle, Jeffrey “Adam” Kraft, and his wife, Michele L. Buckner-Kraft, for approximately four years. Before GW and her half-sister KN (age 5) came to live	1 - yes	2012	Missouri	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Girl by Raul Ochoa	Raul Ochoa kept a young female relative confined in his home until she escaped at age 27 in August 2012. Ochoa first raped the girl when she was 12, and insisted on homeschooling her and tightly controlling her.	1 - yes	2012	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Imprisonment
Daughter of Kevin and Theresa Carothers	A 15-year-old girl was repeatedly sexually assaulted by her stepfather, Kevin Carothers, and her mother Theresa Carothers, over the course of three years. The girl was homeschooled in online classes. A “witness”, possibly an adult sibling of the	1 - yes	2012	Colorado	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
Child of Mona and Russell Hauer	Mona and Russell Hauer starved their 8 year old adopted son, leaving him barely alive. The boy was the size of a 4 year old, his bones protruding and his abdomen distended. His parents routinely beat him with	1 - yes	2012	Minnesota	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Mitch Comer	Mitch Comer was removed from school after the eighth grade to be homeschooled by his mother and stepfather, Sheila and Paul Comer, who proceeded to imprison in his room and abuse him. On his eighteenth birthday, his parents	1 - yes	2012	Georgia	FALSE	0	TRUE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Ariel Winter and 1 sibling	Child actress Ariel Winter (born Ariel Winter Workman, right), age 14, was abused by her mother, Chrisoula “Chrystal” Workman. Ariel’s older sister Shanelle Workman Gray (age 34, left) was also abused; she was removed from her mother’s care	1 - yes	2012	California	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
3 children by Iliana Rogelio and Tim Archuleta	10-year-old twins, a boy and a girl, and their 8-year-old brother, were tortured, imprisoned, and starved by their adoptive mother, Iliana Archuleta, and her brother-in-law Rogelio Archuleta (center). The children’s adoptive father, Tim Archuleta (right), knew about the	1 - yes	2012	Texas	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
7 Children of Adrienne Bartholomew and James Brothers	Seven children—boys ages 11, 7, 6, 6, 2, and 18 months, and a girl of unknown age—were medically neglected and starved by their parents, Adrienne Bartholomew and James Brothers, and their grandmother Debra Nelson. The children were homeschooled:	1 - yes	2012	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Child of Robert Hohn and Shannon Watterson	A 12-year-old boy was locked in a bare room for three months by his father, Robert Hohn, and his stepmother, Shannon Watterson. The windows were screwed shut, the door handle was installed backward, and the boy was only	1 - yes	2012	Delaware	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Girl by the Jackson family	A 16-year-old girl was repeatedly raped and sexually abused by the six Jackson brothers (Eric, 27; Jon, 25; Matthew, 23; Nathaniel, 21; Benjamin, 19; and Aaron, 18) from the time she was 4 until she was 14. Though	1 - yes	2012	North Carolina	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
3 Children of Mark and Susan Hooper	Mark Hooper, 42, and his wife, Susan Hooper, 20, have been charged with starving their 9, 10, and 11 year old adopted children. Mark is the pastor of a local Baptist church and Susan homeschooled the children. In	1 - yes	2013	Pennsylvania	FALSE	0	FALSE	Food Deprivation, Adoption
Child of David and Pamela Martin	A 17-year-old boy was imprisoned in a basement and starved by his father, David L. Martin, and his stepmother, Pamela S. Martin. The boy had lived in the basement since September 2012, when his father pulled him out	1 - yes	2013	Missouri	FALSE	0	TRUE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Boy by Joseph Maddock	A 10-year-old boy was sexually molested by his homeschool teacher, Joseph Maddock, 34. The boy’s family had met Maddock in early 2012 while Maddock was teaching at Andrews Academy, a local private school. Maddock convinced the parents to	1 - yes	2013	Missouri	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse
Son of Charles Wingate and Sharon Starkey	A 13-year-old autistic boy was imprisoned in a filthy home by his parents, Charles E. Wingate and Sharon Starkey. Wingate was a former City Council member and Starkey was an employee at a United Methodist child care facility.	1 - yes	2013	Colorado	FALSE	0	FALSE	Imprisonment, Disabilities
2 children of Erin and Jennifer Pickel	Erin and Jennifer Pickel abused and imprisoned two of their five children, a 15-year-old boy and a 13-year-old girl, starting in 2008. There were also two younger children and one child over 18 in the home. All the	1 - yes	2013	North Carolina	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Adoption
Megan Walls and 3 siblings	Megan Walls (pictured, b. 1997) was sexually abused by her father, Michael Walls. Megan and her siblings were homeschooled—Walls distrusted the government and told Megan school would “brainwash” her. Walls married Megan’s mother M.S. when he was in	1 - yes	2013	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Disabilities
3 children of Lev Dzyuba	Three of Lev Dzyuba’s children, ages 15, 10, and 8, were starved and imprisoned for months by their father and his sisters Alina Dzyuba and Natalia Mellon. The children were adopted from Ukraine in 2012. According to the	1 - yes	2013	Georgia	FALSE	0	FALSE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
10 Children of Dave and Wonda Dixon	Ten special-needs children—six boys ages 14, 14, 12, 8, 8 and 3; and four girls ages 12, 10, 5 and 5—were physically abused by their adoptive parents, Dave and Wonda Dixon. They were beaten with paddles, switches, and	1 - yes	2013	Texas	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
4 Children of David and ReJeana Moss	Two girls, ages 11 and 13, and a mentally disabled 17-year-old boy were imprisoned, starved, and physically and sexually abused by their adoptive parents, David V. Moss and ReJeana Moss. Their 9-year-old adopted brother was not abused. The	1 - yes	2013	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
3 children of Kate Parker	Katherine G. “Kate” Parker had 7 biological children (Megan, 21; Adam, 20; Emily, 14; Sarah and David, 11; Isaac, 9; and Joshua, 7) and 2 adopted children (Bethany, 5; and Hannah, 4; adopted from the Ukraine in 2010).	1 - yes	2013	Oregon	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
4 Children of John and Margie Cantrell	Four children—Sheryl* (age 16), Harlan* (13), and Callie* (10), along with their 16-year-old uncle—were emotionally and physically abused by their foster parents, John and Margaret “Margie” Cantrell. The children were frequently “homeschooled”—that is, kept home from school as	1 - yes	2013	Texas	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Adoption
5 Children of Wanda Sue Larson and Dorian Harper	Wanda Sue Larson and Dorian Harper were arrested on child abuse charges after they handcuffed their 11-year-old foster son to the porch in November in his underwear with a dead chicken tied around his neck. The foster child	1 - yes	2013	North Carolina	FALSE	0	TRUE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
3 Children of Fernando and Sophia Richter	Two girls, ages 12 and 13, escaped through a window in their room and ran to alert a neighbor to their plight after their stepfather threatened them with a knife. Police found a third girl, aged 17, locked	1 - yes	2013	Arizona	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
4 children of Juan Carlos Sanchez and Bobbi Sue Pack	Three children, girls aged 11 and 9 and an 8-year-old boy, were beaten, imprisoned, and starved by their stepfather, Juan Carlos Sanchez. Their mother Bobbi Sue Pack and grandmother Edwina Luis knew about the abuse but did nothing	1 - yes	2014	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Siblings of Andrew Wells	Andrew Keith Wells, 20, sexually assaulted 8 of his 9 siblings. His parents, Brian and Janelle Wells, knew about the abuse and did nothing to stop it. Andrew Wells had been homeschooled and had only a fifth-grade education,	1 - yes	2014	Iowa	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
3 children of Eraca Dawn Craig and Christian Jessica Deanda	Three children—an 8-year-old girl and two boys, ages 5 and 3—were abused, imprisoned, and starved by their parents, Eraca Dawn Craig (left) and Christian Jessica Deanda, who were domestic partners. The children were homeschooled. The girl had been	1 - yes	2014	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
8 children of Jamie Marie Hicks and Vernon Courtney Lovell	Twin 16-year-old boys were starved, beaten, and tortured by their mother, Jamie Marie Hicks. The abuse was discovered when two of Hicks’ children ran away from home and reported abuse to officials. The children’s stepfather of thirteen years,	1 - yes	2014	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Christopher Smithburg	Christopher Smithburg, adopted from the Philippines at age 8, was physically abused by his mother, Susan Smithburg. Christopher, his 17-year-old brother, and his 10-year old sister were homeschooled. Christopher got into trouble in school, and was ultimately sent	1 - yes	2014	Tennessee	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Son of Charlie Mayes	A 16-year-old boy was physically abused by his father, military veteran Charlie Mayes. The boy was forced to carry a heavy stone for miles in hot weather as punishment for failing to do his schoolwork. The boy “had	1 - yes	2014	Georgia	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse
2 daughters of Johann and Kimery Jorg	Two girls, ages 13 and 11, were abused by their adoptive parents, Johann and Kimery Jorg. Both girls were made to sleep outside using a bucket for a bathroom, and they were not allowed to wear clothes. They	1 - yes	2014	Arizona	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Antonio Rader	Antonio Rader, age 7, was beaten, starved, and tortured by his mother, Mary Rader (right), and her mother and stepfather, Deana (left) and Dennis Beighley. Antonio’s siblings, 11- and 4-year-old sisters and a 9-year-old brother, were not abused,	1 - yes	2014	Pennsylvania	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Child of Recardo and Therian Wimbush	Recardo and Therian Wimbush locked their oldest son in a lightless basement room for almost two years with only a bucket for a toilet. The boy was 13 when the ordeal ended. His siblings were not included in the allegations.	1 - yes	2014	Georgia	FALSE	0	FALSE	Imprisonment
Charlie Bothuell V	Charlie Bothuell V, age 12, was physically and emotionally abused by his father, Charlie Bothuell IV, and his stepmother, Monique Dillard-Bothuell. Dillard-Bothuell also imprisoned Charlie in the basement for eleven days without food. Dillard-Bothuell’s other two children, 4-year-old	1 - yes	2012	Michigan	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
9 boys by Nathan and Tammy Jessop	Nine boys, ages 12 to 17, were beaten, starved, and imprisoned by Nathan Jessop. All were current or former members of the FLDS who had been sent by their parents to live with Jessop due to their supposed	1 - yes	2014	Multistate	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
7 Children of Sonia Kubisak	Seven children, ages 7 to 17, were neglected by their mother, Sonia Kubisak, who claimed to be homeschooling them. In March 2014, Kubisak moved the children to a campsite in Oklahoma, reportedly to escape an abusive relationship in	1 - yes	2014	Oklahoma	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
5 children of Charles and Suzan Sealock	Three children, a 9-year-old girl, a 7-year-old boy, and a 6-year-old boy, were tortured by their adoptive parents, Charles and Suzan Sealock. The Sealocks’ biological child, a 14-year-old boy, and an adopted 3-year-old child were not abused. The	1 - yes	2014	Tennessee	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
3 Children of Echo Terry	Three girls–V.T. (b. 2004), J.T. (b. 2005), and M.T. (b. 2010)–were starved and imprisoned by their adoptive mother, Echo Marie Terry. Their infant sister, Ma.T., was not reported to be abused. The girls were homeschooled. Terry became the	1 - yes	2014	Alaska	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
3 children of Pamela Christensen	Three girls, ages 19, 16, and 12, were physically assaulted by their mother, Pamela Christensen, in an attempt to murder them. Their father, former pastor Vaughn Christensen, was abusive and controlling of his wife and children, and Pamela	1 - yes	2014	Illinois	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
Grayson Bell	Grayson Bell, age 11, who went by ‘Blayne’, was physically abused by his father, Ernest W. Bell III, and his stepmother Kristen M. Downs. Blayne had been removed from school in 2012 to be homeschooled, although Bell and	1 - yes	2014	Louisiana	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
Daughter of Julio Valladares and Linda Richmond	An 8-year-old girl was beaten, starved, and tortured by her father, Julio Valladares, and his partner Linda Richmond. The girl was homeschooled. Richmond also had a son on whose behalf no charges were filed. In 2013, someone at	1 - yes	2014	Kentucky	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Children by Timothy and Karen Tolin	Three boys, ages 12, 14, and 19, with severe mental and physical disabilities, along with three disabled adults, were neglected by their adoptive parents, Timothy and Karen “Sue” Tolin. The children were homeschooled. The 19-year-old was autistic and	1 - yes	2014	Michigan	FALSE	0	FALSE	Imprisonment, Disabilities, Adoption
Boy by Jennifer Yanke and Stephan Alcox	A 13-year-old boy was neglected and deprived of food by his mother, Jennifer Yanke, and his stepfather Stephan Alcox. The boy had been pulled out of school and was reportedly homeschooling himself. The boy was left alone in	1 - yes	2014	Texas	FALSE	0	TRUE	Food Deprivation
Children of Christine Baughman	An 11-year-old boy was physically and emotionally abused by his adoptive mother, Christine Evelyn Baughman. The boy’s adoptive father, pediatrician Henry Baughman, has not been charged. The boy and his brother were adopted from Ukraine in 2013. The	1 - yes	2014	Georgia	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Adoption
Gregory Jean Jr.	Gregory Jean Jr., age 13, was imprisoned, starved, beaten, and forced to work as a maid for four years by his father, Gregory Jean Sr., and his stepmother Samantha Joy Davis. Davis’ biological children were also abused—she “was	1 - yes	2010	Georgia	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Abduction
Granddaughter of Steve and Joetta Sells	A 15-year-old girl was beaten, imprisoned, and nearly starved to death by her grandfather, Steve Sells, his wife Joetta Sells, and Steve’s daughter Crystal Sells. The girl, who had special needs, was withdrawn from school in 2010 to	1 - yes	2014	Indiana	FALSE	0	TRUE	Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
3 Children of Chianna and LaTrecia Hendrix	A 10-year-old boy, D.E., was starved, imprisoned, physically abused, and deprived of medical care by his biological mother, Chianna Hendrix, and her wife LaTrecia L. Hendrix. LaTrecia Hendrix’s two biological children, girls ages 12 and 5, were not	1 - yes	2015	Missouri	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
8 Children of Jondrew Lachaux and Kellie Phillips	A 17-year-old girl was raped and impregnated by her stepfather, Jondrew Lachaux. Lachaux and the girl’s biological mother, Kellie Phillips, then abandoned the girl and her 3-year-old half-sister Bessie Lachaux, who had special needs, for eight months while	1 - yes	2015	Nevada	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
2 Children of Quincy Hazel and Sabrina Golden-Hazel	A 17-year-old boy and a 12-year-old girl were beaten, imprisoned, starved, and denied medical care by their parents, Quincy Hazel and Sabrina Golden-Hazel. Golden-Hazel “told investigators she home school[ed] the children, but police did not find any books	1 - yes	2015	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Girl by Harold Stone	A 15-year-old girl was sexually abused by her homeschool teacher, Harold L. Stone. Stone, a prominent entrepreneur and former university professor, began sexually assaulting the girl in his home in August or September 2014 at the same time	1 - yes	2015	Nebraska	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse
Gypsy Blancharde	Gypsy Rose Blancharde, born in 1991, was starved and medically abused by her mother, Clauddine ‘Dee Dee’ Blanchard (aka Clauddinnea Blancharde), who is believed to have had Munchausen by proxy syndrome. Gypsy was homeschooled. Blanchard kept Gypsy’s head	1 - yes	2015	Multistate	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Girl by Rob and Marie Johnson	A girl (b. 1994) was sexually abused and beaten by her mother’s cousin, Robert Johnson, and his wife Marie Johnson, from the time she was 13 until she ran away from their home at age 18. The girl	1 - yes	2015	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
2 Children of James and Tina Harbert	Two boys—C.H., b. 2003; and J.H., b. 2005—were beaten and starved by their parents, James and Tina Harbert (pictured). The boys were homeschooled. The Harberts’ daughter was not reported to be abused. James Harbert used a 2×4, a	1 - yes	2015	Michigan	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
4 Children of John Paul and Danielle Woolley	Four children, boys ages 8, 4, and 2, and a 5-year-old girl, were imprisoned, starved, and neglected by their parents, John Paul and Danielle Woolley, and their grandparents Gordon Mark and Barbara Jo Woolley. The children were homeschooled,	1 - yes	2015	Indiana	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Elizabeth Thomas	Mary Catherine Elizabeth Thomas (b. 2002), who went by Elizabeth, was beaten and imprisoned by her mother, Kimberly Thomas. Thomas also beat four of Elizabeth’s siblings. Elizabeth and her nine siblings were homeschooled. According to Elizabeth’s older sister,	1 - yes	2015	Tennessee	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
Gianna and Samantha Rucki	Samantha Rucki (right, b. 1998) and Gianna Rucki (left, b. 1999) ran away from their Lakeville, Minnesota home on April 19, 2013 during a custody dispute. Their mother, Sandra Grazzini-Rucki, then abducted them and took them to White	1 - yes	2013	Minnesota	FALSE	0	FALSE	Abduction
16 Children of Jonathan and Allison Schumm	Five children between the ages of 5 and 16 were physically abused by Jonathan Robert Schumm and Allison Nicole Schumm. Jonathan Schumm was a Topeka Councilman, Allison Schumm blogged extensively about their lives, and the Schumms had received	1 - yes	2015	Kansas	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Adoption
Malayia Knapp and 8 siblings	Malayia Knapp (b. 1998) and her sister (b. 2001) were beaten, starved, and imprisoned by their adoptive parents, Mindy Dawn Knapp and Anthony “Andy” Knapp. Their 7 other siblings were not reported to be abused, although at least	1 - yes	2015	Iowa	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
2 Children of Timothy Hogan and Patricia Haugstad-Hogan	Two girls, L.H. (age 17) and L.H. (age 16), were neglected by their parents, Timothy Hogan and Patricia Haugstad-Hogan. The girls were homeschooled. The girls were forced to sleep on a mattress in the basement of their family	1 - yes	2015	Alaska	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
3 Children of Jessie Tribby and Anna Patterson	Two girls, S.T. (born Jan. 2007) and a younger girl (born Dec. 2007), were beaten by their father, Jessie Tribby, and their stepmother Anna Mae Patterson. The girls were homeschooled. The couple’s biological child (born Jan. 2016) was	1 - yes	2016	Wyoming	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
3 Children of Jim and Paige Nachtigal	G.N. (a 15-year-old girl), C.N. (an 11-year-old boy), and E.N. (an 11-year-old girl) were beaten, starved, and tortured by their adoptive parents, Jim and Paige Nachtigal. The children were taken out of public school in 2014 to be	1 - yes	2016	Kansas	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Adoption
6 Children of Sara Anne and Jonathan Woody	Two boys (b. 2004 and 2008) were starved and physically abused by their stepmother, Sara Anne Woody. Their father, Jonathan Woody, knew about the abuse but did nothing to stop it. The boys’ siblings–a younger girl and boy	1 - yes	2016	Texas	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
11 Children of Alejandro Aleman and Kristen Meyer-Aleman	Eleven children (b. 2002-2016) were starved and neglected by their parents, Alejandro Aleman and Kristen Meyer-Aleman. The children were homeschooled. Child services had been aware of the family since 2013. During visits, only the oldest child, a 14-year-old	1 - yes	2016	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
10 Children of Odalis Sharp	Caleb Vasquez (b. 1996) and seven of his nine younger half-siblings were starved and beaten by their mother, Odalis Sharp. All the children were homeschooled. In 2011, Caleb was removed from the home of Odalis Sharp and her	1 - yes	2016	Kansas	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
3 Children by Timothy and Esten Ciboro	A 13-year-old girl was starved, imprisoned, and sexually abused by her stepfather, Timothy Ciboro, and his son, Esten Ciboro. The girl’s 9-year-old sister was also sexually abused. The girls and their 10-year-old brother were homeschooled. The children were	1 - yes	2016	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
12 Children by Lee Kaplan	In 2012, a 14-year-old girl was sold to Lee Kaplan (pictured left) by her parents, Daniel and Savilla Stoltzfus (pictured center and right), in exchange for financial assistance. Kaplan sexually abused the girl and she gave birth to	1 - yes	2016	Pennsylvania	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
2 Girls by Nicholas Frede	Two 13-year-old girls were sexually assaulted by their basketball coach, Nicholas Frede. The girls were homeschooled. The assaults occurred at Frede’s home, where he had been privately coaching the girls since May 2016. Frede himself had been homeschooled;	2 - unknown	2016	Wisconsin	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
14 Children of Daniel and Jenise Spurgeon	At least 11 children (9 girls and 2 boys, born between 1997 and 2008) were physically and sexually abused by their adoptive/foster parents, Daniel Wayne Spurgeon and Jenise Rae Spurgeon. The children were homeschooled (though at least some	1 - yes	2016	Multistate	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Son of David and Vanessa Hall	A 17-year-old boy was starved and medically neglected by his parents, David and Vanessa Hall (pictured). The boy was homeschooled. The boy was blind and autistic. He attended special education at age 5 when the family lived in	1 - yes	2016	Colorado	FALSE	0	TRUE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Jessica Willis	Jessica Willis (b. 1992) was sexually abused by her father, Tony Willis, patriarch of the reality TV family The Willis Clan. According to Jessica, her mother Brenda Willis knew about the abuse, but no charges were filed against	2 - unknown	2016	Tennessee	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
Girl by Robert Wyatt	A girl (b. 2002) was repeatedly sexually assaulted by her pastor, Robert Duane “Bob” Wyatt, who was also her homeschool teacher. Wyatt, an assistant pastor at Agape Bible Church, began assaulting the girl in 2014, when she was	1 - yes	2016	Colorado	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Adoption
13 Children of Anna Marie Lloyd	A 10-year-old girl was physically abused by her mother, Anna Marie Lloyd, who also allowed the girl to be sexually abused by her brother. The girl was homeschooled. Lloyd was a member of the Arkansas new religious movement	1 - yes	2016	Multistate	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse
2 Children of Trisha Meyer	Two children, a 17-year-old boy and a 14-year-old girl, were endangered by their mother, Trisha Meyer. Additional children may have been endangered as well. The children were homeschooled. Meyer allowed “three tigers, a cougar, a skunk and a	1 - yes	2016	Texas	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
2 Children of Richard and Cynthia Kelly	A boy (b. 2002) was imprisoned, starved, and medically neglected by his adoptive parents, Richard and Cynthia Kelly. His older sister (b. 1997), who was also adopted, was not reported to be abused. The children were homeschooled. The	1 - yes	2016	Alabama	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
3 Children of Ryan Rechtzigel and Angela Stewart	A 5-year-old girl was imprisoned, starved, and physically abused by her parents, Ryan Rechtzigel and Angela Stewart. The girl was homeschooled. The girl’s siblings, ages 2 and 7 months, were not reported to be abused. The girl had	1 - yes	2016	Minnesota	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
3 Children of Joshua and Brandi Weyant	Three children (JTW, a 6-year-old boy; SRB, a 5-year-old girl; and HRW, a 4-year-old girl) were imprisoned, starved, and beaten by their adoptive parents, Joshua Ross Weyant and Brandi Jene Weyant. The children were homeschooled. Five other children	1 - yes	2016	Pennsylvania	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
5 Children of Donell Barron and Rikki Hart	Five children, ages 14, 8, 6, 5, and 4, were starved and neglected by their parents, Donell Barron and Rikki Hart. The children were homeschooled. According to their website, both Barron and Hart have college degrees and they	1 - yes	2016	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
2 Children of Mary Heller	Two girls, L. (b. 1998) and M. (b. 2002), were starved and neglected by their adoptive mother, Mary Heller (pictured). The girls were homeschooled. The girls were adopted as young children, L. from China and M. from Mongolia.	1 - yes	2017	Indiana	FALSE	0	TRUE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Son of Brandy and Russell Jaynes	A 12-year-old boy was starved, imprisoned, and tortured by his mother, Brandy Kay Jaynes (pictured). The boy’s father, Russell Orin Jaynes, allegedly did not know about the abuse because he was not often at home and was barred	1 - yes	2017	Utah	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Boy by David Eidens	A 12-year-old boy was repeatedly sexually assaulted by his babysitter/homeschool teacher, David Peter Eidens (pictured). Eidens, who was a friend of the family, had an agreement with the boy’s parents to babysit and homeschool him. The abuse came	2 - unknown	2017	Georgia	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
2 Children of Joseph Myhre	Two children, a 13-year-old boy and an 11-year-old girl, were tortured, beaten, and imprisoned by their father, Joseph Myhre. The children were homeschooled. The abuse began in 2011. Myhre shocked them with electric dog collars, beat them with	1 - yes	2017	Pennsylvania	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
5 Children of Yenier and Sarah Conde	Five children–a girl b. 2007, a boy b. 2008, two children b. 2009 and 2011, and a boy b. 2012–were starved, imprisoned, tortured, and medically neglected by their parents, Yenier and Sarah Conde (pictured). Yenier also abused Sarah.	1 - yes	2017	Michigan	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
4 Children by Jordan Otis and Tiffany Walsh	Four girls were physically and sexually abused by their mother, Tiffany Walsh, and her boyfriend Jordan Otis. The girls were homeschooled. The girls had different fathers; their mother had custody. “Walsh and her children began living with Otis	1 - yes	2017	Kentucky	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse
Children by Jeremy Costley	An unknown number of children were sexually abused by Jeremy Costley (pictured). Some of the children were homeschooled. Costley was a “sovereign citizen” and “self-proclaimed common-law marshal” who lived with his family—a woman and several children—in a remote	1 - yes	2017	Colorado	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
Boy by Nelson Head	A 10-year-old boy, R., was physically abused by his mother, L., and sexually abused by Nelson Head, his homeschool teacher and mother’s boyfriend. R. was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome in 2017 at the age of 10 and was	1 - yes	2017	Texas	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse
Daughter of Alan and Aimee Friz	A 14-year-old girl was imprisoned, starved, and sexually abused by her adoptive parents, Alan and Aimee Friz (pictured). The girl and her siblings were homeschooled. The girl and one of her siblings were adopted from the Ukraine; the	1 - yes	2017	Indiana	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
Boy by Melvin Bledsoe and Joy Anderson	A 6-year-old boy was starved, imprisoned, and tortured by his father, Melvin W. Bledsoe, and his stepmother Joy Tamika Anderson. The boy’s three stepsiblings were not reported to be abused. The boy was homeschooled. Bledsoe and Anderson were	1 - yes	2017	Idaho	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Children by John McCollum and associates	At least 16 children, but probably many more, were subjected to slavery, educational neglect, and threats of physical violence and starvation by members of a new religious movement known as the McCollum Ranch group, run by minister John	1 - yes	2017	North Carolina	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
2 Girls by Terry Miles	Two girls—G. (age 14) and B. (age 7)—were abducted by G.’s homeschool teacher, Terry Miles. Miles also sexually assaulted G. Miles met G. and began grooming her while she was visiting her father in Louisiana during the summer	1 - yes	2017	Texas	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Abduction
Martha Peight	Martha Peight, b. 1989, was sexually abused by her father, Daniel R. Hostetler. Martha was homeschooled. Hostetler abused Martha multiple times between 2002 and 2006. In 2007, Martha’s brother reported the abuse to David R. Fisher, the pastor	1 - yes	2018	Pennsylvania	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
13 Children of David and Louise Turpin	Thirteen children–ten girls and three boys, ages 2 to 29–were starved and imprisoned by their parents, David Allen Turpin and Louise Anna Turpin. The children were homeschooled. The Turpins moved from Texas to California around 2010 and registered	1 - yes	2018	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
7 Children of Kenneth and Kelly Fry	An 8-year-old girl and a 9-year-old boy were imprisoned, starved, and abused by their adoptive parents, Kenny and Kelly Fry (pictured). They were homeschooled. They were treated differently from the Frys’ five biological children, who were not reported	1 - yes	2018	Iowa	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
10 Children of Jonathan Allen and Ina Rogers	Ten children, ages 12 years to 4 months, were tortured and neglected by their parents, Jonathan Allen and Ina Rogers. The children were homeschooled. Rogers had a 14-year-old child who did not live with the family. Her 12-year-old	1 - yes	2018	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
3 Children of Arthur and Jenny Peterman	Three children—a 19-year-old girl, A.; a 9-year-old girl, B.; and a 7-year-old boy, C.*—were physically and sexually abused by their parents, Arthur and Jenny Peterman. The two youngest children were homeschooled. Arthur Peterman began sexually abusing A. daily	1 - yes	2018	Missouri	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Girl by Melissa Keister	W., a girl born in 2009, was starved, imprisoned, and abused by her foster mother, Melissa Lin Keister. No charges were filed involving Keister’s husband, Allen Keister, or the six other children who lived in the home. W.	1 - yes	2018	Pennsylvania	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Girl by Wesley and Sherry Keen	A 14-year-old girl, Rachel*, was starved, imprisoned, and tortured by her family members, married couple Wesley and Sherry Keen (pictured). Rachel was homeschooled. Shortly after the Keens became Rachel’s caretakers in early 2017, they withdrew her from school	1 - yes	2018	Virginia	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Olivia Farrell	Olivia Farrell (pictured), b. around 2001, was beaten and imprisoned by her adoptive parents, Neil and Janet Farrell. Olivia was homeschooled. Olivia’s three older sisters, who were also adopted, were not reported to be abused. The Farrells began	1 - yes	2018	Georgia	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
Children of Randy and Katherine Swopes	At least 9 children were abused by their parents, Randy and Katherine Swopes (pictured). Several of the children were homeschooled. The Swopeses had at least 9 children, including a boy b. 1994, a child b. 2003, a child	1 - yes	2018	Illinois	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment
Son of Jimmy and Amy Jones	A 15-year-old boy was starved and tortured by his father, Jimmy Jones Sr. (left), his stepmother, Amy Jones (second left), and his two adult stepbrothers, Tyler Adkins (second right) and Jonathan Plank (right). The boy was homeschooled. A	1 - yes	2018	Oklahoma	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Boy by Jennifer Franklin and Randell Howell	An 11-year-old boy was beaten, tortured, and sexually assaulted by his mother, Jennifer Renee Franklin, and her boyfriend, Randell Howell (pictured). The boy was homeschooled. The boy previously lived with Franklin and his biological father; Howell began living	1 - yes	2018	Florida	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
5 Children of Travis and Amy Headrick	Three children—a 12-year-old girl, and two boys ages 11 and 10—were imprisoned by their adoptive parents, Travis and Amy Headrick. The household also consisted of a fourth adopted child; the Headricks’ biological daughter; and a disabled adult. The	1 - yes	2018	Wisconsin	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
Children of Thomas and Denise Atkocaitis	A 15-year-old girl, O., was imprisoned by her adoptive parents, Thomas and Denise Atkocaitis (pictured). O. was homeschooled. The police had contact with the Atkocaitises twice before: in 2010, when Denise Atkocaitis was accused of abusing one child,	1 - yes	2018	New Hampshire	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Adoption
3 Children of Dannielle and Joshua Martin	A 13-year-old boy was starved and imprisoned by his mother, Dannielle Martin (left), his stepfather, Joshua Martin (right), and his grandmother, Vickie Higginbotham (center). The boy’s half-siblings—a 12-year-old girl and a 5-year-old boy—were not reported to be abused.	1 - yes	2018	Alabama	FALSE	0	FALSE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
6 Children of Joseph and Samantha Ferguson	A girl, Jane, was imprisoned, physically abused, and medically neglected by her adoptive parents, Joseph and Samantha Ferguson. The girl’s sister, Jean, was also imprisoned. The girls’ four siblings were not reported to be abused. All six children	1 - yes	2019	Pennsylvania	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Disabilities, Adoption
Daughter of Kevin and Felicia Boon	A 15-year-old girl was imprisoned, tortured, and starved by her father, Kevin M. Boon (pictured left), and her stepmother Felicia Boon (pictured right). The Boons also enlisted the girl’s step-siblings, ages 15, 14, and 12, in the torture.	1 - yes	2018	Wisconsin	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
2 Children of Christopher and Kathryn Williams	A girl, L., b. 2005, and a boy, M.*, b. 2007, were medically abused by their parents, Christopher J. Williams and Kathryn A. Williams. The children were homeschooled. The medical abuse of the children began at least as	1 - yes	2018	Illinois	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect
4 Children of Patrick and Angel Henderson	Two children, a 14-year-old boy and a 9-year-old girl, were imprisoned, starved, and beaten by their adoptive parents, Patrick and Angel Henderson (pictured). The children were homeschooled. Their siblings, a 13-year-old and a 6-year-old, were not reported to	1 - yes	2019	Nebraska	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Daughter of Randall Pruitt	A 14-year-old girl, S., was sexually abused for 12 years by her adoptive father, Randall Lee Pruitt (pictured). The girl’s mother, Christine Pruitt, knew about the abuse and did nothing to stop it. S.’s three younger siblings were	1 - yes	2019	Tennessee	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Adoption
Boy by Joel Love	A boy was beaten by his relative, Joel Ronald Lawrence Love (pictured). The boy was homeschooled. The boy was contacting his friends on social media. When Love discovered this, he “grabbed [the boy] by the throat, choked him,	2 - unknown	2019	Utah	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
11 Children of Machelle Hobson	Seven children, ages 15 to 3, were starved, imprisoned, and physically and sexually abused by their adoptive mother, Machelle Hobson (pictured left). The children were homeschooled. Hobson’s four adult biological children were not reported to be abused; her	1 - yes	2019	Arizona	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
Girl by the Smiths	A 9-year-old girl was beaten, starved, and imprisoned by her uncle, Joel Smith (pictured left), Joel’s wife Amanda Smith (pictured center), and their 19-year-old daughter Allison Smith (pictured right). The girl was homeschooled. It is unclear how the	1 - yes	2019	Oklahoma	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Children of Brian Keene	At least five children were sexually abused by their siblings. Their father, Brian Keene (pictured left), knew about the abuse and did nothing to stop it. The children were homeschooled. Brian Keene and his wife had at least	1 - yes	2019	Wisconsin	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
2 Children by Samuel and Brandi Hollie	A boy and girl, ages 8 and 10, were starved and tortured by their adoptive parents, Samuel Earl Hollie II and Brandi Rae Hollie (both pictured). The children were homeschooled and “isolated from others”. Their younger sibling, the	1 - yes	2019	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
10 Children of Mark and Melissa McGregor	Twin 14-year-old girls, R. and K., were starved, physically abused, and imprisoned by their adoptive parents, Mark and Melissa McGregor. The girls were homeschooled. The McGregors’ eight other biological children who also lived in the home were not	1 - yes	2019	Missouri	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Son of John and Katrina Miller	A 13-year-old boy, R., was starved, imprisoned, and physically abused by his father, John P. Miller, and his stepmother Katrina M. Miller. R. was homeschooled. R.’s 3-year-old sister was not reported to be abused. R. was born around	1 - yes	2019	Ohio	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Girl by Margaret and Charles Breeze	An 11-year-old girl, K., was starved, imprisoned, and abused by her legal guardians, Margaret and Charles Breeze. K. was homeschooled. Other children in the home were not reported to be abused. K. went to live with the Breezes	1 - yes	2019	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities, Adoption
8 Children of Alonzo Maxin and Andrea Arthur	Eight children—ages 10, 9, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1—were beaten, starved, and tortured by their parents, Alonzo Dewite Maxin and Andrea Lynn Arthur. The children were homeschooled. Arthur and Maxin reportedly “ran away to New Jersey	1 - yes	2019	Tennessee	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Girl by Dwight Bainbridge and Jessica Brambilla	A 16-year-old girl, H., was imprisoned, starved, and sexually abused by her father, Dwight Bainbridge; his girlfriend Jessica Brambilla; and her 20-year-old son William C. Land. H. was homeschooled. The other four children who lived in the home	1 - yes	2019	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
4 Children of Elizabet Estrada	A 16-year-old boy, P., was starved and medically neglected by his mother, Elizabet Estrada. No charges were filed on behalf of Estrada’s other children, two of whom were 18 or older and one of whom was younger than	1 - yes	2019	Pennsylvania	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
3 Children by Greg Nelson Susan Nelson and Melissa Hamilton	Three girls, ages 10, 9, and 8, were abused by their parents: Greg Nelson, his wife Susan Nelson, and his girlfriend Melissa Hamilton, who lived with them. The girls were homeschooled. The family lived with 245 animals in	1 - yes	2019	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
5 Children of Betty Nicolicchia-Allen and Dennis Allen	Five children—G., a 14-year-old girl, and siblings ages 12, 9, 8, and 6—were abused and neglected by their parents, Dennis Allen and Betty Nicolicchia-Allen. The children were homeschooled. G. reported that “she was being homeschooled but wasn’t taught	1 - yes	2019	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
9 Children of Scott and Cherry Blattert	Nine children—the oldest being S., a 15-year-old girl; the youngest being toddlers—were systematically physically abused by their parents, Scott and Cherry Blattert. The children were homeschooled. Scott Blattert worked at the NSA Crane Naval Base and the Blatterts	1 - yes	2019	Indiana	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse
Child of Anthony Jerome Lewis	A 14-year-old boy was choked, beaten, neglected, and imprisoned by his father, Anthony Jerome Lewis. The boy was homeschooled.	1 - yes	2019	Maryland	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
Girl by Alisa Andrews	A 17-year-old girl, R., was sexually assaulted by her homeschool teacher, Alisa Andrews, over the course of nine months. Andrews was employed as a homeschool teacher by the Northwest Arkansas Christian Homeschool Education Association. She taught a biology	1 - yes	2019	Arkansas	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
Girl by Kimberly Howell	An 11-year-old girl, D., was allegedly for starvation and torture by her foster mother, Kimberly Howell. D. was homeschooled. Her four siblings, who were also Howell’s foster children, attended school and were allegedly forced to participate	1 - yes	2019	Wisconsin	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Girl by Jacqueline Barbour and Jason Carroll	Nora* (b. 2010) was starved and tortured by her father, Jason Carroll, and her stepmother Jacqueline Barbour. The household also included Nora’s stepbrother and her half-brother. Nora was homeschooled. Barbour and Carroll isolated Nora from family members; Carroll’s	1 - yes	2020	Connecticut	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Serah Bellar and 18 siblings	Serah Bellar (b. 2003) was physically and sexually abused by her family members. Several of her siblings were also abused. Serah was homeschooled. Serah’s parents, Robert and Deborah Bellar, had 18 biological children and 1 adopted child. The	1 - yes	2021	Ohio	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
Son of Christopher and Nicole Crets	A 12-year-old boy, R., was starved, imprisoned, and tortured by his father, Christopher Crets, and his stepmother Nicole Crets. The boy was homeschooled. The other children who lived in the home were not reported to be abused. Christopher	1 - yes	2020	Missouri	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
4 Children of Patricia Hyler	A 14-year-old boy, M., and his three adopted siblings, were abused by their adoptive mother, Patricia Hyler. The children’s adoptive father, Tommy Hyler, worked long hours outside the home and was not charged in connection with the abuse.	1 - yes	2020	Florida	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
7 Children of Matthew and Rebecca Hibicki	Seven children—six girls A. (b. 2007), Ru. (b. 2009), L. (b. 2011), Ro., S., and D. (b. 2018), and a boy W. (b. 2016)—were physically, medically, and educationally neglected by their parents, Matthew and Rebecca “Becky” Hibicki. The	1 - yes	2020	Wisconsin	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Disabilities
6 Children of Kelley and Daniel Davis	An 8-year-old boy, H., was imprisoned by his parents, Kelley and Daniel Davis. The boy and his five sisters (ranging in age from 10 to infancy) were homeschooled. Beginning at least in March 2020, H. was kept locked	1 - yes	2020	Florida	FALSE	0	FALSE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
3 Children of Joseph and Jennifer Wolfthal	Three children–Rose* (b.c. 2010), Mason* (b.c. 2012), and Sophie* (b. 2013)–were starved, tortured, and imprisoned by their adoptive parents, Joseph and Jennifer Wolfthal. The children were homeschooled. The Wolfthals adopted the children in 2014. Jennifer Wolfthal had spent	1 - yes	2021	Florida	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
5 Children of Robert and Stephanie Duncan	Five children–Noah* (b. 2005), Elijah, James (b. 2009), William, and Ella (b. 2014)–were imprisoned and tortured by their adoptive parents, Robert and Stephanie Duncan. The children were homeschooled. The Duncans moved into their home around 2009. They began	1 - yes	2021	Pennsylvania	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Son of Akemi Cox and Valerio Garcia	An 8-year-old boy, W. (b. 2013), was starved, physically abused, and medically neglected by his mother, Akemi Cox, and her fiance Valerio Garcia. W. was homeschooled. Cox had a social services history dating back to 2002; five of	1 - yes	2021	Oklahoma	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Isabella Kalua	Isabella Kalua, age 6, disappeared from the home of her adoptive parents, Isaac K. “Sonny” Kalua III and Lehua Kalua. Isabella was homeschooled. Isabella was born Ariel Sellers to Melanie Joseph and Adam Sellers, who also had four	1 - yes	2021	Hawaii	TRUE	1	TRUE	Adoption, Abduction
Child of Bobby and Rebecca Richmond	An 8-year-old girl was tortured, imprisoned, and starved by her father, Bobby Richmond, and his wife Rebecca Richmond. A. was homeschooled.	1 - yes	2022	West Virginia	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
Son of Joseph and Peggy Flores	A teenage boy, L. (b. 2007), was imprisoned and tortured by his parents, Joseph and Peggy Flores. L. was homeschooled. Joseph Flores had a conviction of sexual assault in 2002 and had a warrant for his arrest in	1 - yes	2020	Missouri	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
Dominique Moceanu	Dominique Moceanu, born 1981, was financially, emotionally, and physically abused by her parents, Romanian immigrants Dimitru and Camelia Moceanu, while being homeschooled for part of her high school years. Dominique’s sister Christina (b. 1989), was also emotionally abused.	1 - yes	1998	Texas	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
Daughter of Arletha and Anthony Hopkins	The daughter of Arletha Hopkins was repeatedly raped by her stepfather Rev. Anthony Hopkins, a traveling evangelist, starting in 2001 when she was 11 and continuing until she ran away from home at age 19. When Arletha discovered	1 - yes	2008	Multistate	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse
Child of Tai-Ling Gigliotti	Tai-Ling Gigliotti, an accomplished musician who was employed in a local orchestra, adopted her biological nephew from Taiwan when he was four years old. In 2007, she removed him from school, telling school officials she planned to homeschool	1 - yes	2009	Florida	FALSE	0	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Adoption
2 Children of Ingrid Brewer	Ingrid Brewer adopted two children out of foster care, and reported them missing on January 15 less than a year later. The children, an 8 year old boy and a 7 year old girl, were found laying by	1 - yes	2013	California	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
7 Children of Thomas Halbesleben and Jessica Halbesleben	In 2005, police following up on a report found Thomas and Jessica Halbesleben’s seven children alone in an unsanitary home, several suffering from medical neglect. The children, who ranged in age from 1 to 13, had experienced years	1 - yes	2005	Idaho	FALSE	0	TRUE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Child by Malcolm Fraser	Malcolm Fraser, assistant pastor of a Sound Doctrine Church in Enumclaw, Washington, ordered a family in his church to allow him to move in with them. He lived with the family until they moved to a smaller house and then	1 - yes	2012	Washington	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
Esther Combs	Esther Combs, originally named Elsa Garcia, was taken from Baptist Children’s Home in Valparaiso, Indiana, by Joseph and Evangeline Combs at 4 months old in 1978. Esther was never actually adopted, although she grew up believing that she	1 - yes	1997	Tennessee	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Imprisonment, Adoption, Abduction
4 Children of Wayne Sperling and Lorinda Bailey	The four boys ranged in age from 2 to 6. None of them were verbal, and none were potty trained. They communicated only in grunts, and lived with their parents, Wayne Sperling and Lorinda Bailey, in a filthy	1 - yes	2013	Colorado	FALSE	0	FALSE	Food Deprivation
3 Children by William Flynn Walker	William Flynn Walker was charged with transporting three children out of Alabama and engaged in sex acts with them. Walker was a well-known member of the Shelby County homeschool community, and was involved in founding a prominent homeschool	1 - yes	2005	Alabama	FALSE	0	FALSE	Sexual Abuse
Sarah Neely	11-year-old Sarah Neely’s teachers became concerned when she began losing weight. Then, in October 2004, her father, Jon Neely, removed her from school to homeschool her. Opting for a Home School Assistance Program, one of Iowa’s homeschool options	1 - yes	2005	Iowa	FALSE	0	TRUE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
10 children of Jack and Kathy Stratton	Jack and Kathy Stratton’s ten children–Spencer (17), Isaiah (15), Solomon (11), Tanna (10), Rachel (8), Simon (6), Michelle (5), Maria (4), Stephanie (3), and Leah (1)–were removed from their home by social services due to neglect. The children	1 - yes	2001	North Carolina	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation
Four Children of M.A.H. and R.J.H.	M.A.H. and R.J.H. were the biological parents of A.J.H., age 10, and the adoptive parents of P.P.H., T.S.H., and N.M.H., ages 8, 7, and 5. They homeschooled all four children. In October 2012, M.A.H. took P.P.H. to the emergency	1 - yes	2012	Minnesota	FALSE	0	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Morgan Moore and 6 Siblings	Morgan Moore (b. approximately 2006) died due to medical neglect at the hands of his parents, Dominique and Cynthia Moore. At the time of Morgan’s death, nine of the Moore’s children, both adults and minors, were living in	1 - yes	2022	Maryland	TRUE	1	FALSE	Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Timothy Ferguson	15-year-old Timothy Ferguson (b.c. 2007) was tortured and starved to death by his mother, Shanda Vander Ark, and his 20-year-old brother, Paul Ferguson (b.c. 2002). Timothy was homeschooled. His 7-year-old brother R. (b.c. 2015) also lived in the	1 - yes	2022	Michigan	TRUE	1	FALSE	Sexual Abuse, Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Disabilities
Sakenlo Jr. Sakenya and Sakendra Steele	14-year-old Sakenlo Shawn Steele Jr., (b. 2009), 12-year-old Sakenya Syretha Steele (b. 2011), and 9-year-old Sakendra Syann Steele (b. 2014) were shot to death as part of a by their mother, Ethel Steele. The children were homeschooled.	2 - unknown	2023	North Carolina	TRUE	3	FALSE	NA
Son of Shannon and Dale Hickman	A boy, G. (b. 2013), was physically abused by his mother, Shannon Hickman. G. was homeschooled. Shannon and Dale Hickman served 6 years in prison following the death of their third child and infant son David Hickman in	2 - unknown	2020	Oregon	FALSE	0	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect
Ana Loera and three siblings	Ana Loera, age 11 (b. 2007, also identified as Anna Loera), was physically abused, medically neglected, and murdered by her adoptive parents, Rafael and Maribel Loera. At the time of her death, she lived with her sisters,	1 - yes	2017	Arizona	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Brogan Duhon	Brogan Duhon (b. 2009) was deprived of food by his adoptive parents, Adam and Jennifer Duhon, and died of malnourishment on October 17, 2022. He enjoyed word puzzles and reading, and he wanted to be a chef when	1 - yes	2022	Louisiana	TRUE	1	FALSE	Imprisonment, Food Deprivation, Adoption
Nicole and Jasmine Snyder and One Sibling	Nicole (b. 2010) and Jasmine (b. 2013) Snyder were emotionally and physically abused and killed by their mother, Marie Snyder, and her partner, Echo Butler. Butler’s parents Michelle and Ronald Bulter lived with them for a time,	1 - yes	2016	Pennsylvania	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Food Deprivation
	NA	1 - yes	2021	New York	TRUE	1	TRUE	NA
	NA	1 - yes	2021	California	TRUE	1	TRUE	Physical Abuse, Medical Neglect, Imprisonment, Food Deprivation
	NA	1 - yes	2022	Georgia	TRUE	1	FALSE	Physical Abuse, Imprisonment
	NA	2 - unknown	1991	Idaho	TRUE	1	TRUE	NA
	NA	2 - unknown	2022	Texas	TRUE	1	FALSE	NA
	NA	2 - unknown	2023	Washington	TRUE	2	TRUE	NA

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